x mol% Fe‐doped Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐50 mol%(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (abbreviated as xFe:BCZT) ferroelectric ceramics with x = 0, 0.075, 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, and 3 are fabricated via conventional solid‐state reaction methods. Fe incorporates into the lattice, and all the xFe:BCZT ceramics show pure perovskite structure except 3Fe:BCZT ceramics in which tiny amount of iron oxide is detected via X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The average grain sizes are significantly reduced from ≈20 to ≈2 μm with increasing Fe‐doping content. The Curie temperature of xFe:BCZT ceramics decreases with increasing Fe‐doping concentration and the room temperature dielectric constant significantly increased. Polarization hysteresis loops become slim after Fe‐doping. The recoverable energy storage density Wrec of xFe:BCZT ceramics is slightly enhanced to 0.240 J cm−3 with an energy storage efficiency η% = 70.1% at x = 0.075 under E‐field of 50 kV cm−1. The η% can be enhanced to as high as 93.8% at x = 3 with Wrec = 0.153 J cm−3 due to a slim P–E loops via Fe‐doping. The results indicate a potential method to fabricate high efficiency energy storage materials via Fe‐doping.
The vapor pressure values of common elements are available in the literature over a limited temperature range and the accuracy and reliability of the reported data are not generally available. We evaluate the reliability and uncertainty of the available vapor pressure versus temperature data of fifty common pure elements and recommend vapor pressure versus temperature relations. By synthesizing the vapor pressure values from measurements reported in the literature with the values computed using the Clausius Clapeyron relation beyond the boiling point, we extend the vapor pressure range from 10−8 atm to 10 atm. We use a genetic algorithm to optimize the fitting of the vapor pressure data as a function of temperature over the extended vapor pressure range for each element. The recommended vapor pressure values are compared with the corresponding literature values to examine the reliability of the recommended values.
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