Green technology innovation corporates can effectively coordinate the relationship between the environment and the economy, which has been an area of interest among academia and governments. To stimulate the sustainable green technology innovation of corporates, it is necessary to clarify the internal correlation among green technology innovation, environmental performance, and economic performance. Based on the information of 642 industrial corporates obtained from a field investigation in China, this article systematically examines the relationships between corporate green technology innovation and environmental performance, economic performance, and the moderating effect of different governmental market‐based regulations on these relationships. The results show the following. (1) Green technology innovation can significantly improve corporate environmental performance and economic performance. (2) Corporate environmental performance can be transformed into economic performance, and an improvement in environmental performance leads to an increase in the economic performance produced by unit environmental performance, which shows a nonlinear relationship. (3) Government supply‐based market regulation negatively moderates the relationship between end‐of‐pipe technology innovation and environmental performance while positively moderating the relationship between green process innovation and environmental performance and the relationship between green product innovation and economic performance; government demand‐based market regulation positively moderates the relationship between green process innovation and environmental performance and the relationship between green process innovation and economic performance; government competitive‐based market regulation only has a positive effect on the relationship between green product innovation and economic performance. (4) Government market‐based regulations can positively promote the transformation from environmental performance to economic performance. The stronger the market‐based regulations, the greater the economic performance that corporate environmental performance can bring.

This paper explored farm households’ autonomous climate change adaptation strategies and corresponding impacts on wheat yield. Based on a survey of 314 wheat farmers in rural China, results show that Chinese wheat farmers have a high rate of climate change awareness and adoption of climate change adaptation measures. Farmers’ cultivated area, cognition level and information accessibility on climate change significantly affect their adaptation decisions. However, these farmers are given limited adaptation strategies, mainly including increasing irrigation, and using more chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Through employing a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching, we find farmers’ adaptation to climate change is maladaptive with negative effects on wheat yield. This study, therefore, suggests policymakers be mindful of farmers’ maladaptive responses to climate change and provide effective adaptation measures, to help farmers cope with the risks of climate change and ensure farmer’s livelihood security and sustainable agriculture development.

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Green technological innovation is an important force for high-quality economic development and high-level ecological environment protection. Environmental regulation and market financing are important factors affecting enterprise green technological innovation, while the relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise green technological innovation is most likely to be nonlinear. Additionally, this impact may be moderated by market financing. Based on the data of 2278 manufacturing enterprises in China, this article intends to empirically test the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise green technological innovation. Green technological innovation is divided into green process innovation and green product innovation. Based on this, the analysis of the heterogeneous impact of environmental regulations on different types of green technology innovation is implemented. Moreover, the moderating effect of external financing constraints on the relationship between environmental regulation and green technological innovation is further discussed. It shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise green technological innovation. This conclusion will not change due to the types of green technological innovation, while the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green product innovation is greater than that of green process innovation. In addition, external financing constraints will reduce the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green technological innovation. The research conclusions have certain reference value for deepening the understanding of green technological innovation and optimizing the relationship between government and market.

In order to achieve China's target of carbon intensity emissions reduction in 2030, there is a need to identify a scientific pathway and feasible strategies. In this study, we used stochastic frontier analysis method of energy efficiency, incorporating energy structure, economic structure, human capital, capital stock and potential energy efficiency to identify an efficient pathway for achieving emissions reduction target. We set up 96 scenarios including single factor scenarios and multi-factors combination scenarios for the simulation. The effects of each scenario on achieving the carbon intensity reduction target are then evaluated. It is found that: (1) Potential energy efficiency has the greatest contribution to the carbon intensity emissions reduction target; (2) they are unlikely to reach the 2030 carbon intensity reduction target of 60% by only optimizing a single factor; (3) in order to achieve the 2030 target, several aspects have to be adjusted: the fossil fuel ratio must be lower than 80%, and its average growth rate must be decreased by 2.2%; the service sector ratio in GDP must be higher than 58.3%, while the growth rate of non-service sectors must be lowered by 2.4%; and both human capital and capital stock must achieve and maintain a stable growth rate and a 1% increase annually in energy efficiency. Finally, the specific recommendations of this research were discussed, including constantly improved energy efficiency; the upgrading of China's industrial structure must be accelerated; emissions reduction must be done at the root of energy sources; multi-level input mechanisms in overall levels of education and training to cultivate the human capital stock must be established; investment in emerging equipment and accelerate the closure of backward production capacity to accumulate capital stock.Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015, China submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) report, in which it states that it will reduce its carbon intensity (CO 2 emissions per unit GDP) by 60-65% in 2030 compared to the level in 2005 [7]. The realization of this target can accelerate China's transformation to a green, low-carbon economy and serve as an important foundation and model in achieving the global target of 2 • C temperature increase [8]. Although some progress has been achieved (i.e., the energy intensity decreased 33.8% from 2005 to 2014), China's carbon intensity is still at a high level. The energy consumption structure still needs to be optimized [9]. In order to achieve its target on emissions reduction in 2030, there is a need for identifying a scientific pathway and feasible strategies, especially before China achieves the early peaking of its carbon emissions [10][11][12].The imbalance in economy development between regions appears in all economies, as differentiated growth always results in early-developing and late-developing regions [13]. The imbalances are visible not only in economic growth, but also in other facets like sectorial structures and models of energ...

The establishment of a research and development (R&D) platform can be used to effectively accumulate and optimize innovation resources and increase the willingness of enterprises to pursue innovations in green technology. Therefore, we used survey data from more than 1100 private enterprises in China as samples and constructed a multidimensional mediation model to test the relationship between enterprise R&D platforms and green‐technology innovation and, further, to reveal the mechanisms underlying the impact of government subsidies, social financing, and enterprise R&D investment on these relationships. Our findings were as follows. (1) The establishment of a R&D platform can encourage the adoption of green‐technology innovation strategies by enterprises, and the latter are dependent on the types of R&D platform and green‐technology innovation applied. (2) The setting up of R&D platforms can optimize capital by increasing R&D investment, earning government subsidies, improving social financing, and encouraging innovation in green technology. (3) The pathways used to develop R&D platforms to encourage green‐technology innovation can be either direct or indirect, and they are similar. (4) Enterprises' self‐built platforms and cooperative‐sharing platforms can encourage green‐process innovation by increasing R&D investment and earning government subsidies. Moreover, national‐level, provincial‐level, self‐built, and cooperative‐sharing R&D platforms all encourage green‐product innovation by increasing R&D investment and earning government subsidies. However, only provincial‐level R&D platforms can encourage green‐technology innovation, including green‐product innovation and green‐process innovation, by earning social financing.