Stable and efficient phosphor systems for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly important with respect to their application in solid-state lighting beyond the technical limitations of traditional lighting technologies. Therefore, inorganic solid-state conversion phosphors must be precisely selected and evaluated with regard to their special material properties and synergistic optical parameters. In this perspective, we present an overview of the recent developments of LED phosphors; firstly, general photoluminescence-controlling strategies for phosphors to match LED applications have been evaluated; secondly, state-of-the-art and emerging new LED phosphors have been demonstrated. Then, methodologies for the discovery of new LED phosphors by mineral-inspired prototype evolution and new phase construction, as well as combinatorial optimization screening, and the single-particle-diagnosis approach, have been analyzed and exemplified. Finally, future developments of LED phosphors have been proposed.
It was difficult to differentiate Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. quasipneumoniae and K. variicola by biochemical and phenotypic tests. Genomics increase the resolution and credibility of taxonomy for closely-related species. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of the K. variicola type strain DSM 15968(T) (=F2R9(T)). The genome of the type strain is a circular chromosome of 5,521,203 bp with 57.56% GC content. From 540 Klebsiella strains whose genomes had been publicly available as at 3 March 2015, we identified 21 strains belonging to K. variicola and 8 strains belonging to K. quasipneumoniae based on the genome average nucleotide identities (ANI). All the K. variicola strains, one K. pneumoniae strain and five K. quasipneumoniae strains contained nitrogen-fixing genes. A phylogenomic analysis showed clear species demarcations for these nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In accordance with the key biochemical characteristics of K. variicola, the idnO gene encoding 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase for utilization of 5-keto-D-gluconate and the sorCDFBAME operon for catabolism of L-sorbose were present whereas the rbtRDKT operon for catabolism of adonitol was absent in the genomes of K. variicola strains. Therefore, the genomic analyses supported the ANI-based species delineation; the genome sequence of the K. variicola type strain provides the reference genome for genomic identification of K. variicola, which is a nitrogen-fixing species.
Background Local Chinese local pig breeds have thinner muscle fiber and higher intramuscular-fat (IMF) content. But its regulation mechanism has not been discussed in-depth. Studies indicated that long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important role in muscle and fat development. Results The lncRNAs expressional differences in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were identified between Huainan pigs (local Chinese pigs, fat-type, HN) and Large White pigs (lean-type, LW) at 38, 58, and 78 days post conception (dpc). In total, 2131 novel lncRNAs were identified in 18 samples, and 291, 305, and 683 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were found between these two breeds at three stages, respectively. The mRNAs that co-expressed with these DELs were used for GO and KEGG analysis, and the results showed that muscle development and energy metabolism were more active at 58 dpc in HN, but at 78 dpc in LW pigs. Muscle cell differentiation and myofibril assembly might associated with earlier myogenesis and primary-muscle-fiber assembly in HN, and cell proliferation, insulin, and the MAPK pathway might be contribute to longer proliferation and elevated energy metabolism in LW pigs at 78 dpc. The PI3K/Akt and cAMP pathways were associated with higher IMF deposition in HN. Intramuscular fat deposition-associated long noncoding RNA 1 (IMFlnc1) was selected for functional verification, and results indicated that it regulated the expressional level of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) by acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-199a-5p. Conclusions Our data contributed to understanding the role of lncRNAs in porcine-muscle development and IMF deposition, and provided valuable information for improving pig-meat quality.
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