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BackgroundModern medical education promotes medical students’ clinical operating capacity rather than the mastery of theoretical knowledge. To accomplish this objective, clinical skill training using various simulations was introduced into medical education to cultivate creativity and develop the practical ability of students. However, quantitative analysis of the efficiency of clinical skill training with simulations is lacking.MethodsIn the present study, we compared the mean scores of medical students (Jinan University) who graduated in 2013 and 2014 on 16 stations between traditional training (control) and simulative training groups. In addition, in a clinical skill competition, the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores of participating medical students trained using traditional and simulative training were compared. The data were statistically analyzed and qualitatively described.ResultsThe results revealed that simulative training could significantly enhance the graduate score of medical students compared with the control. The OSCE scores of participating medical students in the clinical skill competition, trained using simulations, were dramatically higher than those of students trained through traditional methods, and we also observed that the OSCE marks were significantly increased for the same participant after simulative training for the clinical skill competition.ConclusionsTaken together, these data indicate that clinical skill training with a variety of simulations could substantially promote the clinical performance of medical students and optimize the resources used for medical education, although a precise analysis of each specialization is needed in the future.

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Amphiphobic surfaces possessing superhydrophobicity, high oleophobicity and self-cleaning properties were facilely and efficiently fabricated with STA/PFOA mixed modified solution.

Water-based lubricants with different fractions of TiO2 nanoparticles ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 wt% were utilized to study the lubrication mechanisms during micro rolling tests and the tribological behaviour of nanolubricants during the micro rolling of copper foils. The results indicate that the application of TiO2 nanolubricants remarkably improves the surface quality of rolled copper foils during rolling processes. For lubricants with inadequate TiO2 nanoparticles, it is found that few TiO2 nanoparticles enter the contact regions between the rolls and foils, causing insufficient lubrication during rolling processes. Instead, for lubricants with excessive TiO2 nanoparticles, obvious agglomeration occurs at the contact regions and promotes the generation of voids on the surface of the rolled foils, thereby deteriorating the surface quality of the rolled copper foils. In addition, it is found that the surface quality of rolled foils is improved by utilizing a large reduction ratio. Overall, the fraction of 3.0 wt% TiO2 nanolubricants is optimal to improve the lubrication conditions at the contact regions, thereby improving the surface quality of the rolled copper foils.

Hydrogen generation through catalytically hydrous hydrazine has recently emerged as a promising strategy to meet the everincreasing demand for sustainable energy. However, it remains a challenging obstacle to design highly active catalysts as well as low-cost. In this work, we designed a series of NiPt/CNTs catalysts, which were prepared via a facile wet chemical reduction method, employed it in the dehydrogenation of hydrous hydrazine. The crystalline structure, chemical states and morphology of the catalysts were also characterized in detail. Among these catalysts, Ni 0.4 Pt 0.6 /CNTs exhibits highest activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1725.3 h À 1 at 50°C and a low E a of 36.3 kJ/mol. Considering its cost-effective and high performance, the Ni 0.4 Pt 0.6 /CNTs represent a promising catalyst to hydrolyze hydrous hydrazine for hydrogen generation.[a] Dr.