Polycrystalline organometal halide perovskite films have been recently exploited as the active layer in artificial synapses, demonstrating the basic functional emulation of biological synapses. However, for the implementation of neuromorphic computing and bioinspired intelligent systems, full synapse-like functionality with a simple structure and extremely low energy consumption are of crucial importance. Here, a modified thickness-confined surfactant-assistant self-assembly strategy is proposed to synthesize CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 single-crystalline thin platelets (SCTPs) and a two-terminal lateral-structured synaptic device with ultralow operating current down to sub-pA is fabricated. Essential synaptic behaviors are realized, including paired-pulse facilitation, spike-dependent plasticity, transition from sensory memory to short-term memory and potentiation/depression. Furthermore, the activity-dependent plasticity is also demonstrated on the SCTP-based artificial synapse, which may enable nociceptors to detect intense external harm. These results provide a new protocol for designing lateral-structured synaptic devices based on hybrid perovskite SCTPs and future neuromorphic bioelectronics.
Artificial synapses (ASs) are electronic devices emulating important functions of biological synapses, which are essential building blocks of artificial neuromorphic networks for brain‐inspired computing. A human brain consists of several quadrillion synapses for information storage and processing, and massively parallel computation. Neuromorphic systems require ASs to mimic biological synaptic functions, such as paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term potentiation, long‐term potentiation, spatiotemporally‐correlated signal processing, and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity, etc. Feature size and energy consumption of ASs need to be minimized for high‐density energy‐efficient integration. This work reviews recent progress on ASs. First, synaptic plasticity and functional emulation are introduced, and then synaptic electronic devices for neuromorphic computing systems are discussed. Recent advances in flexible artificial synapses for artificial sensory nerves are also briefly introduced. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
Artificial synapses are key elements for the nervous system which is an emulation of sensory and motor neuron signal transmission. Here, the design and fabrication of redox‐behavior the metal carbide nanosheets, termed MXene artificial synapse, which uses a highly‐conductive MXene electrode, are reported. Benefiting from the special working mechanism of ion migration with adsorption and insertion, the device achieves world‐record power consumption (460 fW) of two‐terminal synaptic devices, and so far, the bidirectionally functioned synaptic device could effectively respond to ultra‐small stimuli at an amplitude of ±80 mV, even exceeding that of a biological synapse. Potential applications have also been demonstrated, such as dendritic integration and memory enhancement. The special strategy and superior electrical characteristics of the bidirectionally functioned electronic device pave the way to high‐power‐efficiency brain‐inspired electronics and artificial peripheral systems.
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