Wearable sweat sensors can analyze the abundant composition of solutes and metabolites in sweat to reflect the health state of the wearers in real time. The realization of active motion control for sweat droplets is significant for a multifunctional sweat monitoring device with several analysis chambers. Here, a wearable droplet-based human sweat monitoring platform (WSMP), by combining an electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD) device and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), is demonstrated. It allows to collect and transport sweat droplets in different chambers by dielectric wetting effect and eventually merge and react with a pH indicator. The mechanical and electrical model of WSMP is introduced to describe the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the TENG and the voltage applied on the EWOD device. The highvoltage electrical field generated by the TENG can change the wettability of solid-liquid interfaces and realize the controlling of droplet motion. The contact angle of electrolyte droplets changes over 30% with the triboelectric voltage of 5 kV. The driving, merging, and color reaction can be realized by actively controlling the motion of droplets. Finally, a wearable WSMP worn on the shank successfully demonstrates the preliminary detection of the pH level of human sweat.

Since the cell was discovered by humans, it has been an important research subject for researchers. The mechanical response of cells to external stimuli and the biomechanical response inside cells are of great significance for maintaining the life activities of cells. These biomechanical behaviors have wide applications in the fields of disease research and micromanipulation. In order to study the mechanical behavior of single cells, various cell mechanics models have been proposed. In addition, the measurement technologies of single cells have been greatly developed. These models, combined with experimental techniques, can effectively explain the biomechanical behavior and reaction mechanism of cells. In this review, we first introduce the basic concept and biomechanical background of cells, then summarize the research progress of internal force models and experimental techniques in the field of cell mechanics and discuss the latest mechanical models and experimental methods. We summarize the application directions of cell mechanics and put forward the future perspectives of a cell mechanics model.

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Ultrathin semiconducting van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play a critical role in developing next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. The replacement of one component of the heterostructure by transition metal oxides (TMOs) certainly brings in numerous benefits including long-term stability and novel functionalities. However, the single-step chemical-vapor deposition growth of TMOs/TMDs vdW heterostructures, as a highly desired approach for large-scale fabrication and practical implementation, is challenging due to contradictory growth atmospheres of TMOs and TMDs.Here, the single-step growth of an ultrathin WO 3-x /WS 2 vdW heterostructure based on the quantity-driven discrepant interaction between S and the precursor, in which S induces sulfidation to produce WS 2 in the S-rich phase and is changed to the reduction role to obtain sub-stoichiometric WO 3-x in the S-deficient phase is realized. Both WO 3-x and WS 2 exhibit semiconducting properties with a favorable type-II band alignment. A wide response across the entire visible spectrum with a large photoresponsivity of 4375 A W −1 , a detectivity of 5.47 × 10 11 Jones, and sub-ms switching kinetics at 405 nm is achieved without gating bias, which is significantly improved over other reported ultrathin vdW heterostructures. This study demonstrates the possibility of single-step-growing TMOs/ TMDs vdW heterostructures and their strong potential in high-performance optoelectronic devices.

The normal development and maturation of oocytes and sperm, the formation of fertilized ova, the implantation of early embryos, and the growth and development of foetuses are the biological basis of mammalian reproduction. Therefore, research on oocytes has always occupied a very important position in the life sciences and reproductive medicine fields. Various embryo engineering technologies for oocytes, early embryo formation and subsequent developmental stages and different target sites, such as gene editing, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technologies, have all been established and widely used in industrialization. However, as research continues to deepen and target species become more advanced, embryo engineering technology has also been developing in a more complex and sophisticated direction. At the same time, the success rate also shows a declining trend, resulting in an extension of the research and development cycle and rising costs. By studying the existing embryo engineering technology process, we discovered three critical nodes that have the greatest impact on the development of oocytes and early embryos, namely, oocyte micromanipulation, oocyte electrical activation/reconstructed embryo electrofusion, and the in vitro culture of early embryos. This article mainly demonstrates the efforts made by researchers in the relevant technologies of these three critical nodes from an engineering perspective, analyses the shortcomings of the current technology, and proposes a plan and prospects for the development of embryo engineering technology in the future.