Nondegradable heavy metals have caused
great dangers to the environment and human health. Combining stimuli-responsive
materials with conventional MOF-based adsorbents has been considered
an effective method to generate intelligent adsorbents for superior
control over the adsorption process. Herein, a smart MOF-based ratiometric
fluorescent adsorbent was designed to accurately monitor the progression
of the removal of copper ions with dual-emitting fluorescence signal.
Unlike the traditional difunctional materials, this delicately designed
platform overcomes the huge energy gap to achieve two functions simultaneously.
This unconventional platform provides a reliable fluorescent response
toward Cu2+ during the removing process, changing linearly
related to the degree of the adsorption process, which holds extreme
promise in effectively monitoring the adsorption process. The underlying
relationship of the adsorption and fluorescence response process toward
copper was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
In particular, because of the favorable ion binding affinity of ZIF-8
and self-calibrating effect of RhB, the as-prepared smart adsorbent
demonstrates a superior adsorption performance of 608 mg g–1, broad response range (0.05–200 ppm, 2.07 × 10–7to 8.29 × 10–4 M), ultrahigh sensitivity (0.04
ppm, 1.91 × 10–7 M) toward Cu2+ and
strong anti-interference ability. This smart adsorbent opens an intelligent
pathway to promote substantial advancements in the fields of environmental
monitoring and industrial waste management.
Infiltration irrigation with saline water is a more effective method than drip irrigation to alleviate water scarcity worldwide, but so far, no report has discussed the clogging rules of ceramic emitters, a major component of infiltration irrigation system. To explore the clogging mechanism of ceramic emitter in saline water infiltration irrigation system, we used four kinds of saline water sources with electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.18, 1.74, 3.78, and 7.74 ds/m, respectively. In addition, we specifically investigated the law of discharge ratio variation (Dra) of ceramic emitters, as well as the composition and growth process of clogging substance. The results indicated that the Dra of ceramic emitters decreased in the process of saline water irrigation, and the higher the EC, the more obvious the decrease. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was the main component of the clogging substance in the inner wall of ceramic emitters. The clogging part was a layer on the inner wall of the emitters rather than the pores in the walls, and the clogging did not occur suddenly. Instead, it was caused by the long–term accumulation of the clogging substance. Moreover, with the increase of EC, the flocculation between the clogging particles in the water was enhanced and thus promoted the formation of stable and compact aggregates, which fundamentally led to the clogging acceleration of ceramic emitters. This clogging mechanism of ceramic emitters can provide some theoretical reference for the establishment of anti-clogging strategy.
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