Facing the challenge of urbanization and motorization, Chinese cities are in danger of serious traffic congestion. Many scholars are aware of this situation and believe that Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is one of the ways to solve this problem in China.In order to enhance the understanding of TOD in China, this paper introduces the basic theory of TOD. Firstly, the background and developmental history of TOD, as well as the Classification and function of different TOD community are explained in detail. Secondly, this paper summarizes the city planning and transportation planning strategies of TOD mode, including the developmental history of TOD planning method, the siting principles of TOD community, the reasonable size of TOD community, the land development intensity of TOD community, the mixed land-use degree of TOD community, and the planning strategies of road network in TOD community.
In recent years, bicycle-sharing systems (BSSs) have been getting more and more popular in many cities all over the world, particularly in developing countries. However, a significant operating problem was the imbalance that occurred in the distribution of bicycles, especially in large-scale BSSs during peak hours. This problem could significantly reduce the level of service and number of potential users. To improve the level of service of BSSs, the necessity of redistribution was analyzed, and an operational redistribution model (ORM) that could deal with large-scale redistribution was developed. The objective of the ORM was to minimize the generalized operation costs of BSSs, which were the penalty cost of unserved user demand and the cost of redistribution of bicycles. The overall system performance was analyzed under several scenarios. The results demonstrated that an ORM could effectively improve the level of service of a BSS and could provide a detailed work plan for each redistribution truck to implement. For redistribution in a large-scale BSS, the partition of subzones was important to achieve a high level of service with relatively low generalized costs. In addition, an optimal number of subzones could be found through the scenario-based optimization process.
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