Depression is a prevalent mental illness with high morbidity and is considered the main cause of disability worldwide. Brain activity while sleeping is reported to be affected by such mental illness. To explore the change of cortical information flow during sleep in depressed patients, a delay symbolic phase transfer entropy of scalp electroencephalography signals was used to measure effective connectivity between cortical regions in various frequency bands and sleep stages. The patient group and the control group shared similar patterns of information flow between channels during sleep. Obvious information flows to the left hemisphere and to the anterior cortex were found. Moreover, the occiput tended to be the information driver, whereas the frontal regions played the role of the receiver, and the right hemispheric regions showed a stronger information drive than the left ones. Compared with healthy controls, such directional tendencies in information flow and the definiteness of role division in cortical regions were both weakened in patients in most frequency bands and sleep stages, but the beta band during the N1 stage was an exception. The computable sleep-dependent cortical interaction may provide clues to characterize cortical abnormalities in depressed patients and should be helpful for the diagnosis of depression.
The discharge of colored textile printing and dyeing wastewater causes environmental pollution. The fading of wastewater efficiently, simply and with low consumption is a problem to be considered. Herein, a catalytic method for rapid decolorization of organic dyes was devised employing terpyridine iron complex to activate oxidized permonosulfate (PMS). CI Acid Red 1 (AR1) was used as the simulated pollutant, the influences of operating parameters on the fading effects of wastewater were explored. According to the results, the produced catalytic system exhibits a universal catalytic effect. Even when the dye concentration reaches 76.4 mg/L, the dyeing wastewater may be effectively decolorized. In addition, when anions (HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−) were present in the solution, the degradation effect of AR1 was still effective. Interestingly, active species such as sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen were detected in the catalytic degradation system by radical capture experiments. The total organic carbon (TOC) can reach a removal rate of 26.22% at 2 h. This research provides a unique enzyme‐like catalytic system for the rapid breakdown of dye contaminants.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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