KEOPS complex is one of the most conserved protein complexes in eukaryotes. It plays important roles in both telomere uncapping and tRNA N
6
-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t
6
A) modification in budding yeast. But whether KEOPS complex plays any roles in DNA repair remains unknown. Here, we show that KEOPS complex plays positive roles in both DNA damage response and homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair independently of its t
6
A synthesis function. Additionally, KEOPS displays DNA binding activity
in vitro
, and is recruited to the chromatin at DNA breaks
in vivo
, suggesting a direct role of KEOPS in DSB repair. Mechanistically, KEOPS complex appears to promote DNA end resection through facilitating the association of Exo1 and Dna2 with DNA breaks. Interestingly, inactivation of both KEOPS and Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complexes results in synergistic defect in DNA resection, revealing that KEOPS and MRX have some redundant functions in DNA resection. Thus we uncover a t
6
A-independent role of KEOPS complex in DNA resection, and propose that KEOPS might be a DSB sensor to assist cells in maintaining chromosome stability.
Producing
chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is important in
view of the huge availability of biomass and positive environmental
significance by reducing carbon emission due to fast carbon cycle
during biomass growth and applications. Here, we prepared zirconium
based solid acids for hydrolytic hydrogenation of raw lignocelluloses
to coproduce C5/C6 sugar alcohols (the important
platform for downstream chemicals and fuel production) as combined
with commercial Ru/C. Among these solid acids, the amorphous zirconium
phosphate (ZrP) presented the largest acidic sites, with medium and
strong acidity as the majority, showing the highest goal sugar alcohols
yield of 70% at optimal reaction conditions. During pennisetum transformation,
this combined catalyst was reusable despite the activity of the second
run being lower than the initial one, and the activity could be recovered
by recalcination of spent ZrP. The primary structure of surviving
lignin remained after cellulose and hemicellulose were converted,
showing the significance for fractional biomass applications if considering
the further transformation of lignin.
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