The technology of haptics rendering has greatly enriched development in Multimedia applications, such as teleoperation, gaming, medical and etc., because it makes the virtual object touchable by the human operator(s) in real world. Human head stiffness rendering is significant in haptic interactive applications as it defines the degree of reality in physical interaction of a human avatar created in virtual environment. In a similar research, the haptic rendering approach has two main types: 1) Haptic Information Integration and 2) Deformation Simulation. However, the complexity in anatomic and geometric structure of a human head makes the rendering procedure challenging because of the issues of accuracy and efficiency. In this work, we propose a hybrid method to render the appropriate stiffness property onto a 3D head polygon mesh of an individual user by firstly studying human head's sophisticated deformation behaviour and then rendering such behaviour as the resultant stiffness property on the polygon mesh. The stiffness property is estimated from a semantically registered and shape-adapted skull template mesh as a reference and modeled from soft tissue's deformation behaviour in a nonlinear Finite Element Method (FEM) framework. To render the stiffness property, our method consists of different procedures, including 3D facial landmark detection, models semantic registration using Iterative Closest Point (ICP) technique, adaptive shape modification processed with a modified Weighted Free-Form Deformation (FFD) and FEM Simulation. After the stiffness property is rendered on a head polygon mesh, we perform a user study by inviting participants to experience the haptic feedback rendered from our results. According to the participants' feedback, the head polygon mesh's stiffness property is properly rendered as it satisfies their expectation.
Introduction: It is believed by some that emergency physicians prescribe more opioids than required to manage patients’ pain, and this may contribute to opioid misuse. The objective of our study was to assess if there has been a change in opioid prescribing practices by emergency physicians over time for undifferentiated abdominal pain. Methods: A medical record review for adult patients presenting at two urban academic tertiary care emergency departments was conducted for two distinct time periods; the years of 2012 and 2017. The first 500 patients within each time period with a discharge diagnosis of “abdominal pain” or “abdominal pain not yet diagnosed” were included. Data were collected regarding analgesia received in the emergency department and opioid prescriptions written. Opioids were standardized into morphine equivalent doses to compare quantities of opioids prescribed. Analyses included t-test for continuous and chi-square for categorical data. Results: 1,000 patients were included in our study. The mean age was 42.0 years and 69.6% of patients were female. Comparing 2017 to 2012, there was a non-significant decrease in opioid prescriptions written for patients discharged directly by emergency physicians, from 17.8% to 14.4% (p = 0.14). Mean opioid quantities per prescription decreased from 130.4 milligrams of morphine equivalents per prescription to 98.9 milligrams per prescription (p = 0.002). 13.9% of opioid prescriptions in 2017 were for more than 3 days, which is a decrease from 28.1% in 2012. During the emergency department care, there was an increase in foundational analgesia use prior to initiating opioids from 17.6% to 26.8% (p = 0.001). There was also a decrease for within ED opioid analgesia use from 40.0% to 32.8% (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Opioid prescription rates did not change significantly during our study. However, physicians reduced the quantity of opioids per prescription and used less opioid analgesia in the emergency department for abdominal pain of undetermined etiology.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.