The increasing integration of variable wind generation has aggravated the imbalance between electricity supply and demand. Power-to-hydrogen (P2H) is a promising solution to balance supply and demand in a variable power grid, in which excess wind power is converted into hydrogen via electrolysis and stored for later use. In this study, an energy hub (EH) with both a P2H facility (electrolyzer) and a gas-to-power (G2P) facility (hydrogen gas turbine) is proposed to accommodate a high penetration of wind power. The EH is modeled and integrated into a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem, and this optimization problem is solved by a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method with the Benders decomposition technique. Case studies are presented to validate the proposed model and elaborate on the technological potential of integrating P2H into a power system with a high level of wind penetration (HWP).
Nanogrids are expected to play a significant role in managing the ever-increasing distributed renewable energy sources. If an off-grid nanogrid can supply fullycharged batteries to a battery swapping station (BSS) serving regional electric vehicles (EVs), it will help establish a structure for implementing renewable-energyto-vehicle systems. A capacity planning problem is formulated to determine the optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) generation and battery-based energy storage system (BESS) in such a nanogrid. The problem is formulated based on the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and then solved by a robust optimization approach. Flexible uncertainty sets are employed to adjust the conservativeness of the robust optimization, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the solutions. Case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed applications and verify our approach.
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