These results provide evidence that Bt allergens are distinct and have relatively low to moderate cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides spp. allergens. Bt allergens should therefore be included in the diagnostic panel for the evaluation of allergic disorders in the tropics, and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies should include allergens of Bt.
Generalizing the degenerate KAM theorem under the Rüssmann non-degeneracy and the isoenergetic KAM theorem, we employ a quasi-linear iterative scheme to study the persistence and frequency preservation of invariant tori on a smooth sub-manifold for a real analytic, nearly integrable Hamiltonian system. Under a nondegenerate condition of Rüssmann type on the sub-manifold, we shall show the following: a) the majority of the unperturbed tori on the sub-manifold will persist; b) the perturbed toral frequencies can be partially preserved according to the maximal degeneracy of the Hessian of the unperturbed system and be fully preserved if the Hessian is nondegenerate; c) the Hamiltonian admits normal forms near the perturbed tori of arbitrarily prescribed high order. Under a sub-isoenergetic nondegenerate condition on an energy surface, we shall show that the majority of unperturbed tori give rise to invariant tori of the perturbed system of the same energy which preserve the ratio of certain components of the respective frequencies.
Abstract-In wireless ad hoc networks, without fixed infrastructures, virtual backbones are constructed and maintained to efficiently operate such networks. The Gabriel graph (GG) is one of widely used geometric structures for topology control in wireless ad hoc networks. If all nodes have the same maximal transmission radii, the length of the longest edge of the GG is the critical transmission radius such that the GG can be constructed by localized and distributed algorithms using only 1-hop neighbor information. In this paper, we assume a wireless ad hoc network is represented by a Poisson point process with mean n on a unit-area disk, and nodes have the same maximal transmission radii. We give three asymptotic results on the length of the longest edge of the GG. First, weshow that the ratio of the length of the longest edge to ffiffiffiffiffi ffi ln n n q is asymptotically almost surely equal to 2. Next, we show that for any , the expected number of GG edges whose lengths are at least 2 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi ln nþ n q is asymptotically equal to 2e À . This implies that ! 1 is an asymptotically almost sure sufficient condition for constructing the GG by 1-hop information. Last, we prove that the number of long edges is asymptotically Poisson with mean 2e À . Therefore, the probability of the event that the length of the longest edge is less than 2 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi ln nþ n q is asymptotically equal to exp À2eIndex Terms-Wireless ad hoc network, Gabriel graph, asymptotic probability distribution, the longest edge, poisson point process, topology control.
Graphene nanoplate (GNP)-toughened Al 2 O 3-based ceramic composites were fabricated by the hot-pressing method. The ceramic composites prepared in this way exhibited anisotropy in their mechanical properties. The fracture toughness and flexural strength of the ceramic composites were measured in the vertical to hot-pressing direction (VHPD) and determined to be as high as 6.2 MPa•m 1/2 and 461 MPa, respectively, with GNP contents of 0.75 vol%, which were improvements of 38% and 39%, respectively, over the values measured in the parallel to hot-pressing direction (PHPD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations indicated that GNPs parallel to each other and perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction are the primary explanation for the mechanical property anisotropy. The energy release rate of the crack deflection was calculated, demonstrating the effect of the GNP orientation on the mechanical properties.
Here we report the one-pot, cell-free
enzymatic synthesis of the
plant monoterpene nepetalactol starting from the readily available
geraniol. A pair of orthogonal cofactor regeneration systems permitted
NAD+-dependent geraniol oxidation followed by NADPH-dependent
reductive cyclization without isolation of intermediates. The orthogonal
cofactor regeneration system maintained a high ratio of NAD+ to NADH and a low ratio of NADP+ to NADPH. The overall
reaction contains four biosynthetic enzymes, including a soluble P450,
and five accessory and cofactor regeneration enzymes. Furthermore,
addition of a NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase to the one-pot
mixture led to ∼1 g/L of nepetalactone, the active cat attractant
in catnip.
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