Summary In this work, the binary N‐CDs@PANI hybrids were fabricated by introducing zero‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) into reticulated PANI. Firstly, N‐CDs were prepared by one‐pot microwave method, and then, the N‐CDs were introduced into in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline (ANI) monomer. The N‐CDs with abundant functional groups and high electronic cloud density played a significant role in guiding the polyaniline‐ordered growth into intriguing morphologies. Moreover, morphology‐dependent electrochemical performances of N‐CDs@PANI hybrids were investigated and N‐CDs improve static interaction and enhance the special capacitances in the N‐CDs@PANI hybrids. Especially, the specific capacitance of PC4 hybrid can reach 785 F g−1, which exceed that of pure PANI (274 F g−1) at current density of 0.5 A g−1 according to three‐electrode measurement. And the capacitance retention of the PC4 hybrid still keeps 70% after 2000 cycles of charge and discharge. The N‐CDs@PANI hybrids can have potential applications in electrode materials, supercapacitors, nonlinear optics, and microwave absorption.

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Although biodegradable and biocompatible polymers have great advantages as a research hotspot, the single polymer does not satisfy multifunctional needs in biomaterials application. Herein, carbon dots (CDs) with strong fluorescence and good hydrophilicity were prepared through effective microwave method from citric acid and ethanediamine. Then green PCL@CDs biomaterials were fabricated by the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) via green phytic acid and active CDs as catalysts. Importantly, the as‐obtained PCL@CDs hybrids with good biocompatibility, adjustable hydrophilicity and good fluorescence could load antituberculosis rifapentine (RFT) by the method of oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation. Also, the morphology, RFT loading and release activity of PCL@CDs@RFT microspheres were deeply investigated. The results showed that the maximum drug loading and encapsulation rate of the prepared PCL@CDs@RFT microspheres were 7.8% and 81%, respectively. Therefore, the binary material can be used as a kind of potential fluorescent labeling biomaterial for drug delivery.

The trinary hydroxyapatite@Fe3O4@N‐doped carbon dots (HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs) hybrids were prepared by one‐pot hydrothermal approach and utilized to detect and remove lead ion from aqueous solution. The structures and morphologies of as‐obtained nanorod‐like HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. These HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids possess good magnetism by magnetic hysteresis test and multi‐colored fluorescence by the CLSM measurement. Furthermore, the as‐obtained hybrids display excellent biocompatibility by MTT assay. Importantly, the trinary magnetic HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids as a green detector and adsorbent of Pb2+ were investigated. The influence of the different pH, the concentration of heavy metal, and the maximum adsorption capacity on removal efficiency was measured in detail. The maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity on HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids is 450 mg/g. The kinetic mechanism was a pseudo‐second order model, and the isotherm data was fitted well by the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich model. Hence, the nanorod‐like HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids could be a multifunctional material with significant potential applications in heavy metal detection and adsorption, bone tissue regeneration, magnetic therapy, and biomedicine. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.

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