Research has proven that the most effective and widely used metal-containing chemotherapy anticancer drugs are cisplatin ([cis-PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)]) and many platinum complexes, however, these compounds have significant disadvantages including poor water solubility and serious side effects. Thus researches in order to overcome these shortcomings have never interrupted. Many non-platinum complexes have been synthesized and tested, in which some palladium complexes show significant antitumor activity in normal tumor cells and lower resistance of tumor cells to clinical treatments as well as lower side effects. Mononuclear palladium complexes with aromatic N-containing ligands, amino acid ligands, S-donor ligands, and P-containing ligands have respective qualities and properties due to the different structures and properties of the ligands; some dinuclear palladium complexes possess interesting steric structures and good antitumor activity; a try to modify natural medicines with Pd(2+) leads the research to a new route. In this review, medicinal chemistry, the development status and interactions of palladium complexes with DNA are discussed in order to provide guidance and determine structure and antitumor activity relationships for continuing studies of these systems.

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As a hot topic of global concern, the distinguishing and detecting of antibiotic pollution is crucial owing to its adverse effect on ecosystems and human health stemming from excessive use and poor management. Herein, a water‐stable lanthanide coordination polymer sensor (Dy‐TCPB) with multiple emitting centers is prepared. The versatile Dy‐TCPB can conveniently differentiate various antibiotics, and displays a self‐calibration luminescent response to nitrofurazone (NFZ) and furazolidone (FZD). Each antibiotic exhibits notable correlation to a unique combination of the two ligand‐to‐Dy ion emission intensity ratios, enabling two‐dimensional fingerprint recognition. Furthermore, the novel self‐calibration sensor demonstrates effective recognition of NFZ and FZD with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and detection limits as low as 0.0476 and 0.0482 μm for NFZ and FZD, respectively. The synthetic approach for the fabrication of a singular coordination polymer exhibiting multiple emissions provides a promising strategy for the development of facile and effective ratiometric sensors.

A series of Pd(II) complexes with a benzenealkyl dicarboxlate chain, with the formulas [Pd(L(n))(bipy)].mH(2)O (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, complex 1: L(1) = phenylmalonate, m = 2.5; complex 2: L(2) = benzylmalonate, m = 1; complex 3: L(3) = phenethylmalonate, m = 2; complex 4: L(4) = phenylpropylmalonate, m = 5), have been prepared in an attempt to correlate factors about the carbon chain of the compounds with DNA binding and cytotoxic activity. The binding of complexes with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) was carried out by UV absorption and fluorescence spectra. A gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complexes to cleave the pBR322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxic effects of these complexes were examined on four cancer cell lines, HeLa, Hep-G2, KB, and AGZY-83a. The four complexes exhibited cytotoxic specificity and a significant cancer cell inhibitory rate. An apparent dependence of DNA-binding properties and cytotoxicity on the carbon chain length was obtained: the longer the carbon chain length, the higher the efficiency of DNA-binding and the greater the cytotoxicity.

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A series of novel Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes, [PdL(2)Cl(2)]·DMF (1), [Pd(2)(L-H)(2)(bpy)Cl(2)]·(H(2)O)(2)·DMF (2), [Pd(2)(L-H)(2)(phen)Cl(2)]·2H(2)O (3), [PtL(2)Cl(2)]·H(2)O (4), [Pt(2)(L-H)(2)(bpy)Cl(2)]·2H(2)O (5), and [Pt(2)(L-H)(2)(phen)Cl(2)]·H(2)O (6), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and L = 1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine, have been synthesized and characterized. The competitive binding of the complexes to DNA has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The values of the apparent DNA binding constant, calculated from fluorescence spectral studies, were 3.8 × 10(6) (K(app)(4)), 2.9 × 10(6) (K(app)(1)), 2.4 × 10(6) (K(app)(6)), 2.0 × 10(6) (K(app)(5)), 1.2 × 10(6) (K(app)(3)), and 6.9 × 10(5) (K(app)(2)). The binding parameters for the fluorescence Scatchard plot were also determined. On the basis of the data obtained, it indicates that the six complexes bind to DNA with different binding affinities in the relative order 4 > 1 > 6 > 5 > 3 > 2. Viscosity studies carried out on the interaction of complexes with Fish Sperm DNA (FS-DNA) suggested that all complexes bind by intercalation. Gel electrophoresis assay demonstrates that all the complexes can cleave the pBR 322 plasmid DNA and bind to DNA in a similar mode. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes has been also tested against four different cancer cell lines. The results show that all complexes have activity against KB, AGZY-83a, Hep-G2, and HeLa cells. In general, the Pt(II) complexes were found to be more effective than the isostructural Pd(II) complexes. The mononuclear complexes exhibited excellent activity in comparison with the dinuclear complexes in these four cell lines. Moreover, on the KB cell line (the human oral epithelial carcinoma), the observed result seems quite encouraging for the six complexes with IC(50) values ranging from 1.5 to 8.6 μM. Furthermore, apoptosis assay with hematoxylin-eosin staining shows treatment with the six complexes results in morphological changes of KB cells. The results induce apoptosis in KB cells.