No abstract

No abstract

The zero shear viscosity η0 of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) pregels has been measured as a function of polymer concentration c as well as molecular weight. It was observed that the zero shear viscosity diverged as the gelling system approached the gel point. The establishment of the scaling law, η0 ∝ ε-γ, was examined where γ is the scaling exponent and ε the relative distance defined as (c g − c)/c g. Here c g is the critical concentration for the sol−gel transition. Two methods were used to determine the scaling exponent γ. One is the direct determination of γ using the c g obtained by means of the frequency independence of loss tengent. The other is called the Takigawa method that determines simultaneously γ and c g by mathematically transforming the scaling law into −η0 -1 (dη0 -1/dc)-1 = (c g − c)/γ. Good agreement was obtained between the two methods. The scaling law, η0 ∝ ε-γ, was found to hold well for the PVC pregels, and the scaling exponent γ was a constant (=1.5 ± 0.1) and was independent of the PVC molecular weight. The results suggest that the gelation rate defined as −dη0/dε (=γη0/ε) is related to PVC molecular weight, and at the same ε increases with decreasing molecular weight. The errors in determining the scaling exponent γ were also discussed.

We have developed a novel technique to selectively block the V2 trigeminal nerve at FR. This novel FR approach may be a good alternative to the classical FO approach when an isolated V2 branch block is desired.

No abstract