Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major causes of chronic liver disease (CLD) that can cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 1,2 Although vaccination has dramatically reduced new HBV infection, WHO estimated 3.5% of the population worldwide (257 million people) were chronically infected with HBV in 2015. 3 Most Asian regions are medium to high prevalence areas of HBV infection. 4 Nowadays, NAFLD is the most common CLD in the world, with a global prevalence of about 25%. 2 Accompanied by the epidemic of obesity and change of lifestyle, the burden of NAFLD in Asia continues to increase and the prevalence is about 29%. 5 It is a trend to superimpose NAFLD on chronic HBV infection in Asia.Recently, the international fatty liver expert group proposed a new name as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which partially overlaps with NAFLD. 6 This paper still uses the naming and definition of NAFLD because of most data coming from NAFLD related studies. We will review the epidemiology of concurrent NAFLD in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and focus on the impact of concurrent NAFLD on the outcome of CHB patients in Asia.
Using our recently developed in situ transmission electron microscopy techniques, we revealed that the FCC structured Ni nanowires with diameter of about 30 nm possess ultra-large strain plasticity. Dynamic complex dislocation activities mediated the large strain bent-plasticity and they were monitored at atomic scale in real time. The bent-induced strain gradient allows studying the strain effects on dislocation mediated plasticity. We also explored the deformation techniques to more general cases, the nano thin films. An example of tensile Pt ultra-thin film is presented.
Objective: To make a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the influencing factors of adolescent physical activity from the perspective of social cognitive theory (SCT) model. Methods: the databases at home and abroad were searched, and 18 literatures meeting the requirements were included. The effect quantities were combined by Stata 15.0 software and analyzed by subgroup. Results: (1) SCT model could predict physical activity in a moderate degree (R2 = 17%, P < 0.01, z = 7.59). (2) Meta-analysis of the literature including self-efficacy, barrier self-efficacy, social support and social status showed that these factors were significantly correlated with physical activity (N ≥ 75%). (3) Influenced by different regions, gender and statistical methods, there are heterogeneity among the research results. Conclusion: SCT model can predict adolescent physical activity to a moderate extent; self efficacy, barriers self-efficacy, social support and social status are the key indicators to predict physical activity; affected by different regions, gender and cultural environment, the prediction results of SCT model on adolescent physical activity are different.
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