Summary Progress in battery technology accelerates the transition of battery management system (BMS) from a mere monitoring unit to a multifunction integrated one. It is necessary to establish a battery model for the implementation of BMS's effective control. With more comprehensive and faster battery model, it would be accurate and effective to reflect the behavior of the battery level to the vehicle. On this basis, to ensure battery safety, power, and durability, some key technologies based on the model are advanced, such as battery state estimation, energy equalization, thermal management, and fault diagnosis. Besides, the communication of interactions between BMS and vehicle controllers, motor controllers, etc is an essential consideration for optimizing driving and improving vehicle performance. As concluded, a synergistic and collaborative BMS is the foundation for green‐energy vehicles to be intelligent, electric, networked, and shared. Thus, this paper reviews the research and development (R&D) of multiphysics model simulation and multifunction integrated BMS technology. In addition, summary of the relevant research and state‐of‐the‐art technology is dedicated to improving the synergy and coordination of BMS and to promote the innovation and optimization of new energy vehicle technology.

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The Dynesys System for stabilizing the lumbar spine was first surgically implanted in Europe in 1994. In 2003, a prospective, randomized, investigational device exemption clinical trial of the system for non-fusion dynamic stabilization began. Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) components explanted from four patients who had participated in the study were analyzed for biostability. Components had been implanted 9-19 months. The explanted components were visually inspected and digitally photographed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface of the spacers. The chemical and molecular properties of the retrieved spacers and cords were quantitatively compared with lot-matched, shelf-aged, components that had not been implanted using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FTIR analyses suggested that the explanted spacers exhibited slight surface chemical changes but were chemically unchanged below the surface and in the center. New peaks that could be attributed to biodegradation of PCU were not observed. The spectral analyses for the cords revealed that the PET cords were chemically unchanged at both the surface and the interior. Peaks associated with the PET biodegradation were not detected. GPC results did not identify changes to the distributions of molecular weights that might be attributed to biodegradation of either PCU spacers or PET cords. The explanted condition of the retrieved components demonstrated the biostability of both PCU spacers and PET cords that had been in vivo for up to 19 months.

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