The purpose of the present systematic review was to synthesize the existing research on physical activity behaviors in parents of children with disabilities. For the systematic search, search terms were entered into three electronic databases. After systematic evaluations, 12 studies were included in the present systematic review. Using the physical activity guidelines (i.e., 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week), the 12 studies were divided into three categories: active, not active, and unknown. The active category included two studies (16.7%) indicating that parents of children with disabilities meet the physical activity guidelines. The not active category included seven studies (50%) indicating that parents of children with disabilities do not meet the physical activity guidelines. More research is needed to determine physical activity behaviors in parents of children with disabilities.
Given inconsistent findings in the literature as to the effects of interventions on motor skills in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), the purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of interventions on motor skills in individuals with DS by using meta-analysis procedures. A systematic database and manual search identified 15 studies meeting predetermined inclusion criteria. Hedge's g equation was used to calculate effect size for the effects of interventions on motor skills in individuals with DS. A random effect model analysis revealed a medium overall effect size for the interventions on motor skills was medium (δ = 0.65, SE = 0.16, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [0.33, 0.96]). Total dose (> 785 min) and session time (> 38 min) were significant moderators for the effects (Q = 5.00, df = 1, p = 0.03; Q = 7.12, df = 1, p = 0.008, respectively). The current meta-analysis provided support for the effectiveness of interventions on motor skills in individuals with DS. These findings should be considered when creating and developing interventions for motor skills in individuals with DS.
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