An inverted left atrial appendage is a rare phenomenon post cardiac surgery. The lesion presents as an additional mass in the left atrium, which would trigger unnecessary concerns and frequently, a battery of tests. The lesion can be easily diagnosed using echocardiography. We report a case of inverted left atrial appendage in a patient post repair of common arterial trunk. Echocardiographic pictures and features which help to identify this lesion as well as to differentiate it from other possible left atrial mass are described. This article aimed to improve the awareness of sonographers toward this rare but possible post operative lesion.
The Conquest Pro wire for perforation and subsequent interventions in the more straightforward cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is effective and safe, simplifying the entire procedure. However, the radiofrequency generator and wires remain essential tools in the paediatric interventional catheter laboratory.
Vitamin C deficiency has been a historical disease rarely seen nowadays. We illustrate a case of a boy with autism presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension and refusal to walk secondary to vitamin C deficiency. Initiating treatment with high-dose vitamin C reversed his symptoms and he regained full power of his lower limbs with total normalisation of his pulmonary pressures.
patients with a low IVC-CI had received a similar fluid volume to those with a high IVC-CI? There are also a number of errors in the study design and reporting: (i) The authors administered the 'appropriate vasoactive drug' only after '5 min of persistent hypotension'. This contradicts the standard management for post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension that uses early treatment to prevent complications. (ii) The authors administered 'phenylephrine 0.1%, 0.2 mg'. This is a relatively high dose to start with. The standard bolus dose of phenylephrine is 50e100 mg.
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