No abstract

Preface and pregnancy before the birth of sheep and cattle will be born in the determination of the genders of sheep and cattle will have some benefits in breeding strategy, dairy cattle breeding and strategy to help the establishment of the connect planning of the enterprises. Meat quality is important in fattening enterprises. Therefore it is desired to have female animals which are going to be born in fattening enterprises and male milk production. Therefore the determination of the sexes of chickens that will be born in pregnant sheep and cattle bring some benefits in aquaculture. Studies to determine prenatal total sex in the sun are mode by applying different methods on previous pregnancy feeding spermatozoa, embryos and fetuses. In this review, detailed information about the effect of previous pregnancy feeding on baby gender will be given in sheep and cattle which are not currently used in our country.

Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is a typical glycoprotein found in mammals except humans and primates. Since humans and primates have lost the galactosyltransferase enzyme in the evolutionary process, the immune system perceives the α-gal glycoprotein as a foreign body and creates an immune response. In recent years, it has been identified that this mammalian oligosaccharide epitope triggers a newly discovered IgEmediated antibody response in the body and the associated disease is called Alpha-gal Syndrome. Alpha-gal syndrome is observed in 3 types of cases in the clinic: It presents as the observation of a delayed type-1 allergic reaction within 3-6 hours after the consumption of mammalian products rich in alpha gal, after drug use, and as a result of a tick bite. In this review, alpha Gal syndrome was examined in detail and the possible relationship between the Bourbon virus associated with the lone star tick (A. americanum) and alpha Gal syndrome is described.

Although there are diagnosis and treatment methods for cancer, treatment methods for metastatic cancers are limited. Therefore, new treatments for metastatic cancer are being investigated. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new group of drugs that enable highly toxic drugs to be targeted. Sacituzumab govitecan is a second-generation antibody drug conjugate that is promising with its results in many cancer treatment trials.

Macular degeneration is an important cause of visual loss in the elderly. While it has been a problem that has not been completely cured until recently, it has been possible to prevent the progression of the disease with some applications in the last few years and to delay the resulting visual loss.

LEOPARD is a syndrome characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal genitalia in addition to dysmorphic facial features, including diffuse brown spots, cardiac abnormalities, short stature, pectus deformity, widely spaced eyes, and ptosis. LEOPARD consists of the initials of the findings obtained in the cases: Lentigines, Electrocardiographic abnormalities, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary stenosis, Abnormal genitalia, Retardation of growth and Deafness. This syndrome is autosomal dominant. In the syndrome, 4 mutations have been identified in this process from the investigated chromosomes to genes. These are PTPN11, RAF1, BRAF and MAP2K1. While these mutations cause amino acid changes in the genotype, they reveal visible clinical findings in the phenotype. It is also called Multiple Lentigine Noonan Syndrome due to its similarity with Noonan syndrome. Too many dark brown spots are present in individuals with LEOPARD syndrome as a distinctive clinical finding from Noonan syndrome.

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Although intestinal transplantation has become a standard in treating intestinal failure today, it has faced significant challenges up to this point. Intestinal transplantation, which is relatively more complicated and has higher likelihood of rejection compared to other solid organ transplantations such as the liver, kidneys, and heart, has gone a long way since the 1900s and has achieved successful results.