When using new generation OneShape and WaveOne instruments, all the reciprocating motions (150° CW-30° CCW, 210° CW-30° CCW and 360° CW-30° CCW) resulted in extended fatigue life when compared with continuous rotation.

The purpose of the this study was to determine the effects of dried apple pomace (DAP) as a partial replacer for sucrose on the compound chocolate and chocolate spread formulation. The DAP concentrations changed between 4 and 20 g/100 g. The results indicated that with the increase of DAP in the chocolate samples, particle size, hue angle, and total amount of phenolic substances of samples increased. However, the hardness, color parameters, and overall acceptance decreased. Furthermore, firmness and spreadability of spreads were evaluated between 4.04-5.98 N and 1.92-3.05 N/mm, respectively. Presence of polyphenols and dietary fiber indicated that this by-product could be used as a healthy ingredient in chocolate and spread formulation to partially replace sucrose. However, during the processing of the DAP; the initial particle size of pomace can be further reduced by increasing the grinding speed, time, or number of grinding steps. Practical applicationsThe application of fruit by-products is increasing rapidly in the preservation of fruits because of being healthy for consumers. Apple pomace is an important by-product to enhance the nutritional quality of compound chocolate and chocolate spreads. The antioxidant potential of apple pomace makes it advantageous for the chocolate and its derivatives without negatively affecting the quality of the final product.

This study evaluated the removal of a calcium silicate‐based sealer (EndoSeal MTA) with needle irrigation (NI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), XP‐endo Finisher (XPF) and EDDY. A total of 56 human mandibular premolars were instrumented up to size 40.04 taper. The roots were separated longitudinally, and grooves were prepared with an ultrasonic tip at one‐half of each root canal. The grooves were covered with EndoSeal MTA and re‐attached roots were investigated based on the activation techniques applied. The results showed that significantly more material (p < 0.05) was removed in the EDDY group compared to the NI, PUI and XPF groups in the apical region. In the coronal region, no significant difference was observed between EDDY, XPF and PUI (p > 0.05), whereas all the latter were significantly more effective than NI (p < 0.05). These findings show that the removal of EndoSeal MTA can be more effective with EDDY compared to XPF, PUI and NI in the apical region.

Objectives: The study was evaluated apically extruded debris from teeth that were instrumented with full-sequenced files using a new kinematic technique (optimum glide path motion). Materials and Methods: The specimens were divided into four groups (n = 18) based on the kinematics of rotation motion (RM), 90° optimum glide path (OGP) motion, 90° clockwise (CW)–90° counterclockwise (CCW) motion, and 90° CW–120° CCW motion. Pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect debris. The weight of the dry extruded debris was calculated by deducting the initial tube weight from the end weight. The Kruskal–Wallis test and the least significant difference for pairwise comparisons test were used to statistically assess the data (P < 0.05). Results: In comparison to the RM, the 90° OGP motion extruded the least quantity of debris, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions:The findings suggest that a 90° OGP motion delivers the best results regarding extruded debris through the apical foramen. Clinical Relevance: Within the limitations of the study, Optimum glide path (OGP) motion resulted in less debris extrusion compared to the rotation motion. Clinical application of full-sequenced rotary systems in OGP motion may be reliable and beneficial.