River toxicity based on acute toxicity to Medaka fish and chemical concentrations measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry simultaneous analysis database were investigated. Between June 2012 and January 2014, 21 samples were collected from three rivers in Japan that have most of their catchments in residential areas. Toxicity tends to remain stable even when the composition and concentration of chemicals fluctuate. Toxicity levels in a basin dominated by residential areas can be explained using a simple model with two parameters, k′ (toxicity decrease ratio) and dW (toxicity from effluents discharged by people without a sewer connection), which is commonly used for traditional organic pollution analysis. The estimated k′ was 0.03 km −1 , and dW was 0.08. However, when a sampling point is adjacent to commercial or industrial facilities, it becomes difficult to explain the lethal dilution rate (LDR50) using this model. These findings suggest that water from residential areas sometimes has toxicity levels that are high enough to affect the aquatic habitat and these toxicity levels should be managed. Additionally, the pollution analysis procedure for sewerage design can be applied for toxicity management in rivers that have most of their catchments in residential areas.

No abstract

A multiplex CARS imaging system, equipped with an EM-CCD camera, was developed to improve the sensitivity of backward CARS imaging in biological analysis using an inverted microscope. The signal-to-noise ratio was improved by a factor of ca. 3 compared to a conventional CCD mode through the use of EM gain. When imaging cultured epithelial cells in the backward CARS configuration, intracellular organelles such as lipid droplets and nuclei were spectroscopically identified with an exposure time of only 100 ms/pixel.

No abstract

A multiplex CARS imaging system, equipped with an EM-CCD camera, was developed to improve the sensitivity of backward CARS imaging in biological analysis using an inverted microscope. The signal-to-noise ratio was improved by a factor of ca. 3 compared to a conventional CCD mode through the use of EM gain. When imaging cultured epithelial cells in the backward CARS configuration, intracellular organelles such as lipid droplets and nuclei were spectroscopically identified with an exposure time of only 100 ms/pixel.