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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that can regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally and interact with mRNA-coding genes. MiRNAs play vital roles in many biological functions, and abnormal miRNA expression has been linked to various illnesses, including cancer. Among the miRNAs, miR-122, miR-206, miR-21, miR-210, miR-223, and miR-424 have been extensively studied in various cancers. Although research in miRNAs has grown considerably over the last decade, much is yet to be discovered, especially regarding their role in cancer therapies. Several kinds of cancer have been linked to dysregulation and abnormal expression of miR-122, indicating that miR-122 may serve as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for human cancer. Consequently, in this review literature, miR-122 has been analyzed in numerous cancer types to sort out the function of cancer cells miR-122 and enhance patient response to standard therapy.

Background: Diabetes is a major global health concern, manifesting the symptoms of chronic hyperglycemia. Either insufficient or excessive angiogenesis is generally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Objective: Given that macronutrients are important dietary players in global health issues, we aimed to review the role of macronutrients, including carbohydrates and proteins, to manage diabetes via angiogenesis modulation. Methods: Sixteen studies regarding the effects of macronutrients including carbohydrates and proteins derived from plants, fungus, bacteria, and their derivatives on angiogenesis in diabetes were included in our study. Results: Reviewing these studies suggests that carbohydrates, including low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (Gl-PS), as well as oligopeptides like sea cucumber-isolated small molecule oligopeptides (SCCOPs), can induce angiogenesis in the process of wound healing. Considering retinopathy, carbohydrates including Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), Lycium barbarum (LBP), Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli polysaccharide (K5-N, OS (H)), and carnosine suppressed retinal angiogenesis. Further, rice bran protein (RBP) ameliorated angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. Carbohydrates including DPHC, Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP), and LMWF showed beneficial effects on endothelial cell dysfunction. Conclusion: In conclusion, data suggest that a number of macronutrients, including proteins and carbohydrates, could have protective effects against complications of diabetes via modulation of angiogenesis.

Background: Aberrant angiogenesis plays a fateful role in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Lipids, as a diverse group of biomacromolecules, are able to relieve diabetes through the modulation of angiogenesis. Objective: Owing to the present remarkable anti-diabetic effects with no or few side effects of lipids, the aim of this study was to assess the state-of-the-art research on anti-diabetic effects of lipids via the modulation of angiogenesis. Methods: To study the effects of lipids in diabetes via modulation of angiogenesis, we have searched the electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane. Results: The promising anti-diabetic effects of lipids were reported in several studies. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil (FO) were reported to significantly induce neovasculogenesis in high glucose (HG)-mediated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) neovasculogenic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Linoleic acid, mono-epoxy-tocotrienol-α (MeT3α), and ginsenoside Rg1 facilitate wound closure and vessel formation. N-Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), omega-3 (ω3) lipids from flaxseed (FS) oil, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), lipoic acid, taurine, and zeaxanthin (Zx) are effective in diabetic retinopathy via suppression of angiogenesis. Lysophosphatidic acid, alkyl-glycerophosphate, crocin, arjunolic acid, α-lipoic acid, and FS oil are involved in the management of diabetes and its cardiac complications. Furthermore, in two clinical trials, R-(+)-lipoic acid (RLA) in combination with hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) for treatment of chronic wound healing in DM patients, as well as supplementation with DHA plus antioxidants along with intravitreal ranibizumab were investigated for its effects on diabetic macular edema. Conclusion: Proof-of-concept studies presented here seem to well shed light on the anti-diabetic effects of lipids via modulation of angiogenesis.