This paper proposes an intelligent framework to predict and automatically regulate earth pressure using a deep learning technique during earth pressure balance shield tunneling. A prediction model was proposed by integrating a new cost function (relative mean square error) with a gated recurrent unit (GRU). The moving average smoothing method was also incorporated into the GRU model to reduce the noise of the dataset and improve the accuracy of the proposed model. A real-time dynamic regulation model for adjusting the operational parameters was proposed by integrating the GRU model into a genetic algorithm-based optimizer. By adjusting the operational parameters, the dynamic regulation model regulates the excessive predicted earth pressure within a suggested range. The proposed prediction and regulation models were applied to a metro tunnel construction in Luoyang, China. The results show that the proposed models provide good guidance for automated tunnel construction. INDEX TERMS Automatic regulation, earth pressure, gated recurrent unit, genetic algorithm, shield tunneling.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.