Synthesis of Indole-Fused 4-Pyridone-3-carboxylic Acids.-Key step in the synthesis of the title compounds, e.g. the corresponding esters (VII) and (X), is a nucleophilic displacement cyclization at the 2-position of 1-methoxyindoles. The title compounds are the first examples of indole-fused quinolone analogues. -(SONG, H. J.; KIM, M. Y.; KANG, S. B.; CHUNG,
Abstract:We have investigated the properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films as functions of atomic layer deposition (ALD) oxidants. AZO transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) layer was deposited by ALD with adding trimethylaluminum (TMA) and diethylzinc (DEZn). AZO films were deposited at low temperature with H 2 O and O 3 as oxidants. Electrical, optical and structural properties of AZO thin films were investigated by 4-point probe, Hall effect measurement, UV-VIS, and AFM. Microstructure and atomic bonding states were investigated by HRXRD and XPS. The resistivity of AZO films grown using H 2 O was lower than the films grown using H 2 O and O 3 , by approximately two orders of magnitude. The differences in oxygen vacancy peak intensity of AZO films were correlated to the optical and electrical properties.
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