BackgroundApplication of natural resources from the marine environment in the cosmeceutical industry is gaining great attention.AimThis study pursues to discover the cosmeceutical potential of two Malaysian algae, Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp. by determining their antioxidant capacity and assessing the presence of their secondary metabolites with cosmeceutical potential using non‐targeted metabolite profiling.MethodsMetabolite profiling using Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight (Q‐TOF) liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in the Electrospray Ionization (ESI) mode resulted in 110 putative metabolites in Sargassum sp. and 47 putative metabolites in Kappaphycus sp. and were grouped according to their functions. To the best of our knowledge, the bioactive compounds of both algae have not been studied in any great detail. This is the first report to explore their cosmeceutical potential.ResultsSix antioxidants were detected in Sargassum sp., including fucoxanthin, (3S, 4R, 3'R)‐4‐Hydroxyalloxanthin, enzacamene N‐stearoyl valine, 2‐hydroxy‐hexadecanoic acid, and metalloporphyrins. Meanwhile, three antioxidants detected in Kappahycus sp., namely Tanacetol A, 2‐fluoro palmitic acid and idebenone metabolites. Three antioxidants are found in both algae species, namely, 3‐tert‐Butyl‐5‐methylcatechol, (−)‐isoamijiol, and (6S)‐dehydrovomifoliol. Anti‐inflammatory metabolites such as 5(R)‐HETE, protoverine, phytosphingosine, 4,5‐Leukotriene‐A4, and 5Z‐octadecenoic acid were also found in both species. Sargassum sp. possesses higher antioxidant capacity as compared to Kappahycus sp. which may be linked to its number of antioxidant compounds found through LC–MS.ConclusionsHence, our results conclude that Malaysian Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp. are potential natural cosmeceutical ingredients as we aim to produce algae cosmeceutical products using native algae.
Thanaka (H. crenulata, N. crenulata, L. acidissima L.) is a common tree in Southeast Asia used by the people of Myanmar to create their distinctive face makeup meant for daily sun protection and skincare. Moreover, it is used as a traditional remedy to treat various diseases since it can also be applied as an insect repellent. In this systematic review, the chemical and biological properties of Thanaka have been summarised from 18 articles obtained from the Scopus database. Various extracts of Thanaka comprise a significant number of bioactive compounds that include antioxidant, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic and anti-microbial properties. More importantly, Thanaka exhibits low cytotoxicity towards human cell lines. The use of natural plant materials with various beneficial biological activities have been commonly replacing artificial and synthetic chemicals for health and environmental reasons as natural plant materials offer advantages such as antioxidant, antibacterial qualities while providing essential nourishment to the skin. This review serves as a reference for the research, development and commercialisation of Thanaka skincare products, in particular, sunscreen. Natural sunscreens have attracted enormous interests as a potential replacement for sun protection products made using synthetic chemicals such as oxybenzone that would cause health issues and damage to the environment.
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