[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of sleep posture on neck muscle activity. [Subjects and Methods] The study recruited 20 healthy subjects, who were positioned in three supine sleeping positions: both hands at sides, both hands on the chest, and dominant hand on the forehead. The activities of the scalene and upper trapezius muscles bilaterally were measured by surface electromyography. [Results] The upper trapezius and scalene muscle activity on the right side was significantly greater in the supine with dominant hand on the forehead position than in the other positions. [Conclusion] Sleep posture is important and prevent neck and shoulder musculoskeletal pain.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived
service encounter quality, service value, patient satisfaction, and behavioral intention
in physical therapy patients. [Subjects and Methods] This study surveyed 335 patients who
received physical therapy treatment at five medical institutions in Jeonju-si, Republic of
Korea. This study conducted path analysis on the collected data using Smart PLS 2.0 M3.
[Results] The analysis of this study showed that service encounter quality had
significantly positive relationship with service value, patient satisfaction, and
behavioral intention. Service value had significantly positive relationship with patient
satisfaction and behavioral intention. Patient satisfaction had significantly positive
relationship with behavioral intention. [Conclusion] Improving the perceived quality of
service encounters for physical therapy patients increases service value and patient
satisfaction, and positively influences behavioral intention.
Purpose of this study is to analyze eye movements of pre-service teachers and elementary students about a visual material of the change on the lunar phases. Eye-Tracker was used for analysis for eye-fixation time and eye movement at the structure, behavior, function question on the visual material. The Results were as follows. First, the pre-service teacher checked the visual materials from a holistic perspective depending on the function questions and fixed eye-fixation on the moon of the behavior question concerned. On the contrary, elementary school student only checked function of the moon located in the upper part and eye-fixation focus was spread here and there regardless of the questions. Second, the pre-service teacher gazed at the sun, earth and moon in a consecutive order depending on the questions to identify their spatial relations and checked location of the moon related to the question. On the contrary, the elementary school student did not view relations between earth, sun and moon from a spatial perspective. These findings indicate that the pre-service teacher conjures up the mechanism of the change on the lunar phases and confirms it in visual materials by visualizing change on the lunar phase model from earth's point of view while the elementary school student fails to take advantage of visual materials to visualize it from earth's point of view.
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