Cancer is a severe disease that substantially jeopardizes global health. Although considerable efforts have been made to discover effective anti-cancer therapeutics, the cancer incidence and mortality are still growing. The personalized anti-cancer therapies present themselves as a promising solution for the dilemma because they could precisely destroy or fix the cancer targets based on the comprehensive genomic analyses. In addition, genome editing is an ideal way to implement personalized anti-cancer therapy because it allows the direct modification of pro-tumor genes as well as the generation of personalized anti-tumor immune cells. Furthermore, non-viral delivery system could effectively transport genome editing tools (GETs) into the cell nucleus with an appreciable safety profile. In this manuscript, the important attributes and recent progress of GETs will be discussed. Besides, the laboratory and clinical investigations that seek for the possibility of combining non-viral delivery systems with GETs for the treatment of cancer will be assessed in the scope of personalized therapy.
Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) image quality will affect how well radiologists detect lesions and judge muscular invasion. This study qualitatively and quantitatively compared the image quality of DWI with integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming (iShim) and single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also investigated the application value of iShim DWI in BC.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 97 patients with BC who underwent a preoperative MRI examination, including iShim and SS-EPI DWI. Two radiologists, blinded to the type of DWI, independently rated DWIs on a 5-point Likert scale regarding image quality features (anatomical details, distortion, lesion conspicuity, artifacts, and overall image quality) and evaluated tumor muscular invasion.Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and tumor numbers were manually recorded by another 2 radiologists. Pathologists recorded tumor numbers and sizes in a standard manner. Results:The inter-and intraobserver consistency of image quality features scoring was good to excellent (κ >0.75; P<0.001). The scores of iShim DWI were higher than those of SS-EPI DWI in terms of distortion, artifacts, and overall image quality (P<0.001). The SNR and CNR of iShim DWI were higher than those of SS-EPI DWI (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in ADC values between the 2 sequences (P>0.05). Based on pathological findings, the sensitivity of iShim and SS-EPI DWI in diagnosing tumor that diameter less than 1 cm was 100% (79/79) and 93.7% (74/79), respectively. The specificity and accuracy (95.2% and 90.2%, respectively) of iShim DWI in diagnosing tumor muscular invasion were significantly higher than those of SS-EPI DWI (76.2% and 80.4%, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of iShim DWI was significantly higher than that of SS-EPI DWI in diagnosing tumor muscular invasion (P=0.017).
(1) Background: This study investigates the early evaluation value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosing the recurrence of bladder cancer (BC) after trans-urethral resection (TUR) alone or combined with intravesical perfusion chemotherapy. (2) Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 92 patients with BC who underwent MRI and MDCT after TUR. The time interval between MRI and MDCT was no more than 1 week. Tumor recurrence was recorded by two experienced radiologists who were double-blind. Recurrent patients were divided into nodular masses, irregular wall thickening and smooth wall thickening groups according to tumor morphology in cystoscopy and resected gross specimens. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was evaluated using the Kappa test. Imaging diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and McNemar’s test based on pathology. (3) Results: There were 56 relapsed and 36 non-relapsed patients. The intra-observer agreement for the imaging diagnosis was excellent (κ = 0.96 for MRI and κ = 0.91 for MDCT, both p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of MRI was higher than that for MDCT (0.91 vs. 0.74, p < 0.001) in identifying tumor recurrence and benign treatment-related changes. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI (87.5%, 94.4% and 90.2%, respectively) were higher than those of MDCT (67.9%, 80.6% and 72.8%, respectively) in diagnosing tumor recurrence. Two observers missed 10 cases of small lesions (<1 cm) on MDCT. The accuracy of MRI (100%, 90.0% and 25.0%, respectively) was higher than that of MDCT (92.1%, 30.0% and 0%, respectively) in diagnosing nodular masses, irregular wall thickening and smooth wall thickening recurrence patterns. (4) Conclusions: Compared with MDCT, MRI had a higher accuracy in detecting BC recurrence early, especially for nodular masses and irregular wall thickening, and could better differentiate tumor recurrence from benign treatment-related changes.
Objective To investigate the value of 3.0T MRI multi‐directional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) combined with T2WI morphological features and lesion distribution in preoperative prediction of muscle layer invasion of bladder cancer (BC) and the correlation with postoperative Ki‐67. Materials and Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with BC between 2019 and 2021. Patients with muscular invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) or non‐muscular invasive BC (NMIBC) were also analyzed by preoperative 3.0T MRI aFostic efficacy. Results A total of 186 patients were enrolled. About 27 patients with MIBC (35 lesions in total) and 62 with NMIBC (99 lesions in total). We found the tumor with a larger size, a wide base, and a smaller apparent dispersion coefficient (ADC) value and normalized ADC(nADC) value, without a stalk, presenting a greater risk of muscle invasion. ADC value, nADC value, maximum diameter, and stalk were independently associated with muscle invasion. Lesions located at the bladder fundus or involvement of multiple sites were independently associated with muscle invasion compared to the bladder body. In combination with morphological features, the AUCs of ADC and nADC showed accuracies of 0.925 and 0.947–0.951, respectively. TADC and nTADC showed the best diagnostic efficacy in multiple respects. KI‐67 LI was negatively correlated with ADC and nADC values. Conclusions This is the first report in which we found Multi‐directional DWI combined with T2WI in 3.0T MRI can be used to predict the muscle layer invasion of bladder cancer. ADC values reflect the muscular invasion of bladder cancer and show a moderate negative correlation with Ki‐67. It is especially suitable for bladder cancer patients with renal insufficiency or tumor recurrence.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.