Genome editing via non-viral delivery platforms: current progress in personalized cancer therapy

Abstract

Cancer is a severe disease that substantially jeopardizes global health. Although considerable efforts have been made to discover effective anti-cancer therapeutics, the cancer incidence and mortality are still growing. The personalized anti-cancer therapies present themselves as a promising solution for the dilemma because they could precisely destroy or fix the cancer targets based on the comprehensive genomic analyses. In addition, genome editing is an ideal way to implement personalized anti-cancer therapy because it allows the direct modification of pro-tumor genes as well as the generation of personalized anti-tumor immune cells. Furthermore, non-viral delivery system could effectively transport genome editing tools (GETs) into the cell nucleus with an appreciable safety profile. In this manuscript, the important attributes and recent progress of GETs will be discussed. Besides, the laboratory and clinical investigations that seek for the possibility of combining non-viral delivery systems with GETs for the treatment of cancer will be assessed in the scope of personalized therapy.

D–A–D organic small molecules with AIE effect for fluorescence imaging guided photothermal therapy

“…7c and d) of immunodeficient mice (nude mice) at 7-10 weeks. When the tumor volume was 80-100 mm 3 tumor volume ¼ 1 2  length  width 2…”

“…At present, although medical technology and anticancer drugs have made great progress, cancer treatment is still a difficult problem. 1 The most common treatments for tumors are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. 2,3 However, these methods are not ideal for cancer treatment, as damage to healthy tissues, tumor metastasis and recurrence characteristics, susceptibility to drug resistance mechanisms, etc.…”

Genetic Kidney Diseases (GKDs) Modeling Using Genome Editing Technologies

“…Non-viral delivery methods have emerged as a viable alternative since they have the potential to solve the problem of cargo size and immunogenicity of viral vectors. However, the efficiency of delivery is slightly lower than that of viral vectors [98,99]. A major advantage of non-viral vectors is that they are artificially synthesized so that such important parameters as size, surface ligands, thermal properties, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and storage stability can be con-trolled [100,101].…”

“…A major advantage of non-viral vectors is that they are artificially synthesized so that such important parameters as size, surface ligands, thermal properties, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and storage stability can be con-trolled [100,101]. What makes non-viral vectors even more promising is the rapid development of materials science applied to molecular biology, which will substantially facilitate the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of these non-viral vectors [99]. On the one hand, physical nonviral methods include microinjection, which involves injecting the genome editing complex directly into cells with a microscope and a needle; and electroporation, which applies pulses of electric current to stimulate the transient opening of pores in cell membranes, allowing delivery of the genome editing complex into cells [95].…”

BSA-PEI Nanoparticle Mediated Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into MDA-MB-231 Cells

“…This system provides a simple to multiplex platform for the precise and specific modification and exploitation of organisms' genome in diverse fields, ranging from biotechnology research to therapeutics. Since this technology allows direct modification of disease-causing genes as well as the production of personalized anti-tumor immune cells, it is an ideal way to implement personalized treatment for different diseases particularly cancer [ 10 , 11 ]. CRISPR/Cas systems are extensively employed to develop novel solutions for treating and diagnosing a wide range of diseases, notably infectious diseases (recently for COVID-19 diseases [ 12 ]).…”