Effective transfection of genetic molecules such as DNA usually relies on vectors that can reversibly uptake and release these molecules, and protect them from digestion by nuclease. Non-viral vectors meeting these requirements are rare due to the lack of specific interactions with DNA. Here, we design a series of four isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (Ni-IRMOF-74-II to -V) with progressively tuned pore size from 2.2 to 4.2 nm to precisely include single-stranded DNA (ssDNA, 11–53 nt), and to achieve reversible interaction between MOFs and ssDNA. The entire nucleic acid chain is completely confined inside the pores providing excellent protection, and the geometric distribution of the confined ssDNA is visualized by X-ray diffraction. Two MOFs in this series exhibit excellent transfection efficiency in mammalian immune cells, 92% in the primary mouse immune cells (CD4+ T cell) and 30% in human immune cells (THP-1 cell), unrivaled by the commercialized agents (Lipo and Neofect).

The two principle earthquakes of the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, MW 6.4 and 7.1, and their immediate foreshocks and thousands of aftershocks present a challenging environment for rapid analysis and characterization of this sequence as it unfolded. In this study, we analyze the first 6 days of the sequence using continuous data from available seismic networks to detect and locate earthquakes associated with the earthquake sequence. We build a high‐precision earthquake catalog using a deep‐neural‐network‐based picker—PhaseNet and a sequential earthquake association and location workflow. Without prior information, we automatically detect and locate more than twice as many earthquakes as the routine catalog. Our high‐precision earthquake catalog reveals detailed spatiotemporal evolution of the earthquake sequence and clearly defines multiple faults activated during the sequence. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to characterize earthquake sequences from raw seismic data using a well‐trained machine‐learning picker and our workflow.

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Several iminosugar derivatives were synthesized, and their effects on the secretion of IL-4 and IFN-gamma from the mouse splenocytes were examined. The effects on membrane expression of other T cell-associated molecules (CD3, CD4, CD8) and B cell-associated molecules (CD19) were also investigated. The experimental data demonstrated that synthetic iminosugars hold potential as immunosuppressive agents.