Light out-coupling of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with silver (Ag)-nanomesh electrodes was examined. Experimental results for the OLEDs with nine different nanomesh dimensions were compared with simulation results to elucidate the dimensional effect of the nanomesh on the light out-coupling behavior of the devices. The Ag-nanomesh electrodes did not only increase the transparency of the Ag electrode due to periodic nanoholes but also enhanced light extraction from surface plasmon polaritons and substrate/waveguide modes in the devices. The simulation results show similar trends with the experimental results for the optical transmittance, emission spectrum, and efficiency enhancement. With a nanomesh dimension of 480 nm period and 50% fill factor, the OLEDs with the Ag-nanomesh electrode showed 1.66 times higher efficiency than those with a planar Ag electrode did. Using our validated simulation, we construct an external quantum efficiency map in full ranges of the period and fill factor of the Ag-nanomesh electrode to find out the optimum nanomesh dimension.

[Purpose] This study investigates the effects of task-oriented activities on hand function, cognitive function, and self-expression of the elderly with dementia, and then identify the influencing factors on self-expression in sub-factors of dependent variables. [Subjects and Methods] Forty elderly persons were divided into two groups: intervention group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The interventions were applied to the subjects 3 times a week, 50 minutes per each time, for a total of five weeks. We measured the jamar hand dynamometer test for grip strength, the jamar hydraulic pinch gauge test for prehension test, nine-hole pegboard test for coordination test, and Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment-Geriatric Population for cognitive function, and self-expression rating scale for self-expression test. [Results] The task-oriented activities promoted hand function, cognitive function (visual perception, spatial perception, visuomotor organization, attention & concentration) and self-expression of the elderly with early dementia, and the factors influencing the self-expression were cognitive function (visual perception) and hand function (coordination). The study showed that the task-oriented program enabled self-expression by improving hand function and cognitive function. [Conclusion] This study suggested that there should be provided the task-oriented program for prevention and treatment of the elderly with early dementia in the clinical settings and it was considered that results have a value as basic data that can be verified relationship of hand function, cognitive function, and self-expression.

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