The exposure of a structure to an acoustic domain induces a sound field owing to the interaction of the air-fluid and structure at the acoustic–structure boundaries. It is difficult to predict sound pressure level through vibration mode, due to the acoustic mode of the coupling effect between vibration and sound in addition to the acoustic mode induced by vibration mode generated by external force. In this study, the acoustic mode induced by structural vibration modes were predicted through a numerical analysis. A finite element model of a reverberation chamber with a shell at one side was constructed, and modal parameters of the vibration and acoustic modes were evaluated through an eigenvalue analysis. In addition, the sound pressure generated by impact loading of the shell were predicted by vibration mode through a time-domain structure–acoustic coupling analysis. The vibration and acoustic modal responses were identified from the measured responses, and the acoustic mode associated with a specific vibration mode was examined. The results showed that the acoustic mode from the coupling effect was verified, and sound pressure prediction from vibration mode was possible if considered as the coupling effect. The proposed approach can be applied to predict the heavy-weight floor impact sound from the vibration of slabs in apartments.

Several studies on audio-visual interactions have shown that the visual stimulus can influence loudness of traffic noise. And it was shown that the auditory stimulus such as music in the street can reduce the road traffic noise perception. On the base of these results, a series of experimental studies were carried out and reviewed the psychological effect of visual and auditory stimuli on the perception of road traffic noise.The first experiment was designed to assess the visual effect of twelve roadsides with different landscapes on the road traffic noise perception. As a result, approx. 3 to 5 dB(A) of psychological reduction was seen in places where natural landscape was preferred, compared to the others, although the noise levels were similar. The second experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of visual screening from adjacent roads on road traffic noise perception by means of ME method in a laboratory. As the result, the effect of psychological reduction was observed at 65 dB(A) or lower. Especially, the barrier which screening optically from adjacent roads led to 5 to 10% of loudness reduction effect, compared to non-screening cases.Finally, the third experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of visual and auditory stimuli with ME method and 7-point SD rating scale in a laboratory. And it was found that up to 10% of loudness reduction and about 2 dB(A) of noise perceptional reduction were seen at 65 dB(A) or lower.

Spatial and temporal quantum correlations can be unified in the framework of the pseudo-density operators, and quantum causality between the involved events in an experiment is encoded in the corresponding pseudo-density operator. We study the relationship between local causal information and global causal structure. A space-time marginal problem is proposed to infer global causal structures from given marginal causal structures where causal structures are represented by the pseudo-density operators; we show that there almost always exists a solution in this case. By imposing the corresponding constraints on this solution set, we could obtain the required solutions for special classes of marginal problems, like a positive semidefinite marginal problem, separable marginal problem, etc. We introduce a space-time entropy and propose a method to determine the global causal structure based on the maximum entropy principle, which can be solved effectively by using a neural network. The notion of quantum pseudo-channel is also introduced and we demonstrate that the quantum pseudo-channel marginal problem can be solved by transforming it into a pseudo-density operator marginal problem via the channel-state duality. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Quantum space-time causality and pseudo-density operator formalism 2 A. Pseudo-density operator 3 B. Quasi-probabilistic mixture of space-time product states 5 C. Space-time purification 6 III. Pseudo density operator marginal problem 6 A. Space-time separable marginal problem 7 B. Space-time symmetric extension 8 C. Polygamy of space-time correlations 8 D. Classical quasi-probability marginal problem 8 IV. Inferring global space-time state from reduced space-time states 9 A. Entropy of space-time states 9 B. Space-time maximum entropy principle 11 C. The neural network approach to inferring the global space-time state 12 V. Conclusion and discussion 12 Acknowledgments 13A. Quantum pseudo-channel 13 1. Quantum pseudo-channel as higher-order maps 13

A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R DThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation coefficients between the airtightness and sound insulation performance of Han-style windows in New Han-ok. To achieve these goals, field measurements were accomplished in 18 bedrooms of 16 Han-oks in which actual residents were living, and then lab measurements were proceeded in the reverberation lab for evaluating the sound insulation performance. Followings are results. The results of the correlation analysis between the airtightness(Air change per hour at 50 Pa, ACH50) and sound insulation performance(Sound reduction index, Rw) in bedrooms of actual Han-oks, it was found that there were no significant correlation between two evaluating values. On the other hand, it was analyzed that the correlation coefficients of total 24 structures(double casement windows, single casement window, casement and sliding windows, single sliding window, 6 types per each structure) were located on 0.6757 exponentially and 0.4154 lineary in the lab evaluating conditions. But, The results of evaluating 4 structure classificatorily, it was found that there were high correlation coefficients(0.8665~0.9273 at ACH50, 0.8414~0.9346 at Rw). These results were signified that the correlation coefficients were changed according to the each structure and case by case analysis were necessary at the same time. ⓒ 2014 KIEAE Journal 한식창호, 기밀성능,

This study was focused on the influence of soundscape provided to the interior landscape on the improvement of occupants' sound environment. When soundscape was provided to occupants together with the interior landscape rather than simply providing interior landscape, the occupants' satisfaction seemed to be improved. The most preferred sound source among the three sound sources was considered as the sound of the grasshopper. When both of the interior landscape and the landscape substances was provided, the adjectives with the average difference of more than 1 are "Vicissitudinous", "Elegant" and "Cheerful". When the interior landscape and the sound source were provided, such adjectives as "Vicissitudinous", "Complex" and "Cheerful" are extracted. When all the variables were provided, such adjectives as "Vicissitudinous", "Abundant" and "Cheerful" seem to show the difference of more than 1. Regarding "Vicissitudinous", it was possible to know that the average difference of more than 1.5 was the biggest. Regarding the relative values of the α wave and the β wave for each part, it seemed that the highest α wave was generated on the left parietal lobe of P3, while the lowest β wave was generated on the left and right frontal lobes of Fp1 and Fp2. According to this study, it was shown that the soundscape and the interior landscape seemed to influence the improvement of the occupants' sound environment.

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