Healable, adhesive, wearable, and soft human-motion sensors for ultrasensitive human-machine interaction and healthcare monitoring are successfully assembled from conductive and human-friendly hybrid hydrogels with reliable self-healing capability and robust self-adhesiveness. The conductive, healable, and self-adhesive hybrid network hydrogels are prepared from the delicate conformal coating of conductive functionalized single-wall carbon nanotube (FSWCNT) networks by dynamic supramolecular cross-linking among FSWCNT, biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol, and polydopamine. They exhibit fast self-healing ability (within 2 s), high self-healing efficiency (99%), and robust adhesiveness, and can be assembled as healable, adhesive, and soft human-motion sensors with tunable conducting channels of pores for ions and framework for electrons for real time and accurate detection of both large-scale and tiny human activities (including bending and relaxing of fingers, walking, chewing, and pulse). Furthermore, the soft humanmotion sensors can be enabled to wirelessly monitor the human activities by coupling to a wireless transmitter. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxicity results suggest that the hydrogels show no cytotoxicity and can facilitate cell attachment and proliferation. Thus, the healable, adhesive, wearable, and soft human-motion sensors have promising potential in various wearable, wireless, and soft electronics for human-machine interfaces, human activity monitoring, personal healthcare diagnosis, and therapy.

Guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes with sustained drug delivery were developed by electrospinning drug-loaded halloysite clay nanotubes doped into poly(caprolactone)/gelatin microfibers. Use of 20 wt % nanotube content in fiber membranes allowed for 25 wt % metronidazole drug loading in the membrane. Nanotubes with a diameter of 50 nm and a length of 600 nm were aligned within the 400 nm diameter electrospun fibers, resulting in membranes with doubling of tensile strength along the collector rotating direction. The halloysite-doped membranes acted as barriers against cell ingrows and have good biocompatibility. The metronidazole-loaded halloysite nanotubes incorporated in the microfibers allowed for extended release of the drugs over 20 days, compared to 4 days when directly admixed into the microfibers. The sustained release of metronidazole from the membranes prevented the colonization of anaerobic Fusobacteria, while eukaryotic cells could still adhere to and proliferate on the drug-loaded composite membranes. This indicates the potential of halloysite clay nanotubes as drug containers that can be incorporated into electrospun membranes for clinical applications.

Flexible, breathable, and degradable pressure sensors with excellent sensing performance are drawing tremendous attention for various practical applications in wearable artificial skins, healthcare monitoring, and artificial intelligence due to their flexibility, breathability, lightweight, decreased electronic rubbish, and environmentally friendly impact. However, traditional plastic or elastomer substrates with impermeability, uncomfortableness, mechanical mismatches, and nondegradability greatly restricted their practical applications. Therefore, the fabrication of such pressure sensors with high flexibility, facile degradability, and breathability is still a critical challenge and highly desired. Herein, we present a wearable, breathable, degradable, and highly sensitive MXene/protein nanocomposites-based pressure sensor. The fabricated MXene/protein-based pressure sensor is assembled from a breathable conductive MXene coated silk fibroin nanofiber (MXene-SF) membrane and a silk fibroin nanofiber membrane patterned with a MXene ink-printed (MXene ink-SF) interdigitated electrode, which can serve as the sensing layer and the electrode layer, respectively. The assembled pressure sensor exhibits a wide sensing range (up to 39.3 kPa), high sensitivity (298.4 kPa–1 for 1.4–15.7 kPa; 171.9 kPa–1 for 15.7–39.3 kPa), fast response/recovery time (7/16 ms), reliable breathability, excellent cycling stability over 10 000 cycles, good biocompatibility, and robust degradability. Furthermore, it shows great sensing performance in monitoring human psychological signals, acting as an artificial skin for the quantitative illustration of pressure distribution, and wireless biomonitoring in real time. Considering the biodegradable and breathable features, the sensor may become promising to find potential applications in smart electronic skins, human motion detection, disease diagnosis, and human–machine interaction.

Flexible electronics are drawing tremendous interest for various applications in wearable healthcare biomonitoring, on-demand therapy, and humanmachine interactions. However, conventional plastic substrates with uncomfortableness, mechanical mismatches, and impermeability have limited the application of flexible on-skin electronic devices for healthcare biomonitoring and on-demand therapy. Herein, flexible breathable electronic devices with the capabilities of real-time temperature sensing and timely on-demand antiinfection therapy at wound sites are presented. These devices are assembled from a crosslinked electrospun moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX)-loaded thermoresponsive polymer nanomesh film with a conductive pattern. The conductive polymer nanomesh film demonstrates excellent flexibility, reliable breathability, and robust environmental stability. Furthermore, the assembled temperature sensor displays a linear relationship between the electrical resistance and temperature, potentially enabling real-time biomonitoring of tissue temperature at the wound site. Smart artificial electronic skins (E-skins) are assembled from the thermoresponsive polymer nanomesh film for spatial touching sensing mapping of temperature changes. Furthermore, the flexible temperature sensor is coupled with a wireless transmitter for real-time wireless temperature monitoring. Notably, the thermoresponsive polymer nanomesh film can also be assembled as a highly efficient flexible heater to trigger the on-demand release of antibiotics loaded in the fibers to eliminate bacterial colonization in the wound site once infection has occurred.

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