This article examines the CO 2 adsorption−desorption kinetics of bituminous coal under low pressure injection (0.5 MPa) in the context of CO 2 sequestration in shallow level coal seams. This study used two different sizes of intact core samples of bituminous samples from seam no. 30 at the Experimental Mine Barbara (EMB) in Katowice, Poland. Manometric adsorption kinetics experiments were conducted on 50 mm dia. 60 mm long coal core samples (referred to as EMB1) and 50 mm dia. 30 mm long coal core samples (referred to as EMB2). The kinetics of adsorption at injection pressures ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa were compared to those at elevated pressures ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 MPa. For the first time, intact sample adsorption−desorption data were fitted in pseudo first order (PFO), pseudo second order (PSO), and Bangham pore diffusion models. The PSO model fits the data better than the PFO model, indicating that bulk pore diffusion, surface interaction, and multilayer adsorption are the ratedetermining steps. Comparing the equilibrium amount of adsorbed (q e ) obtained for the powdered samples (9.06 g of CO 2 /kg of coal at 0.52 MPa) with intact samples (11.68 g/kg at 0.53 MPa and 7.58 g/kg at 0.52 MPa for the intact EMB1 and EMB2 samples) showed the importance of conducting experiments with intact samples. The better fit obtained with the Bangham model for lower pressure equilibrium pressures (up to 0.5 MPa) compared to higher pressure equilibrium pressures (4.5 MPa) indicates that bulk pore diffusion is the rate-determining step at lower pressures and surface interaction takes over at higher pressures. The amount of CO 2 trapped within the coal structure following the desorption experiments strengthens the case for intact bituminous coal samples' pore trapping capabilities.

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This work presents a coupled thermo-hydraulic−mechanical (THM) model to study real gas flow behavior in a deformable coal matrix. The matrix encompasses multiple pore sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers, and promotes various complex, inter-related mass transport mechanisms. In this model, the adsorbed gas layer at the interface between the solid matrix and the free gas phase is considered as an independent phase. Gas adsorption/desorption and diffusion process are defined separately for individual phase, which are then interacted via mass exchange between the phases. The Knudsen number based flow regimes are adopted to describe bulk gas transport in the matrix of varying pore sizes, and the adsorbed phase transport is described by surface diffusion mechanisms. The thermal effect on gas adsorption and transport behavior is investigated. In addition, the mechanical behavior is included to consider the stress dependency of the porosity and intrinsic permeability of porous rocks. The validity of the proposed model is achieved by comparing numerical solutions with published experimental data. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the real gas transport processes in a coal matrix of multiple pore sizes. The simulated results show that the times to reach pressure equilibrium and adsorption equilibrium are not the same, and they depend on the pore size, pressure, and surface diffusion. The time required to reach equilibrium is reduced significantly with an increase of pore sizes. Diffusion coefficients in the porous matrix are not constant but vary with pressure and pore sizes, which is important for accurate estimation of coalbed gas production or carbon sequestration.

This paper presents the development of a discrete fracture model of fully coupled compressible fluid flow, adsorption and geomechanics to investigate the dynamic behaviour of fractures in coal. The model is applied in the study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration and differs from the dual porosity model developed in our previous work, with fractures now represented explicitly using lower-dimensional interface elements. The model consists of the fracture-matrix fluid transport model, the matrix deformation model and the stress-strain model for fracture deformation. A sequential implicit numerical method based on Galerkin finite element is employed to numerically solve the coupled governing equations, and verification is completed using published solutions as benchmarks. To explore the dynamic behaviour of fractures for understanding the process of carbon sequestration in coal, the model is used to investigate the effects of gas injection pressure and composition, adsorption and matrix permeability on the dynamic behaviour of fractures. The numerical results indicate that injecting nonadsorbing gas causes a monotonic increase in fracture aperture; however, the evolution of fracture aperture due to gas adsorption is complex due to the swelling-induced transition from local swelling to macro swelling. The change of fracture aperture is mainly controlled by the normal stress acting on the fracture surface. The fracture aperture initially increases for smaller matrix permeability and then declines after reaching a maximum value. When the local swelling becomes global, fracture aperture starts to rebound. However, when the matrix permeability is larger, the fracture aperture decreases before recovering to a higher value and remaining constant. Gas mixtures containing more carbon dioxide lead to larger closure of fracture aperture compared with those containing more nitrogen.

This study focuses on improving fundamental understanding of low, subcritical CO2 adsorption–desorption behavior of bituminous coals with the aim to evaluate the utility of shallow-depth coal seams for safe and effective CO2 storage. Comprehensive data and a detailed description of coal–CO2 interactions, e.g., adsorption, desorption, and hysteresis behavior of intact bituminous coals at CO2 pressures <0.5 MPa, are limited. Manometric sorption experiments were performed on coal cores (50 mm dia. and 30- or 60-mm length) obtained from a 30 m deep coal seam located at the Upper Silesian Basin in Poland. Experimental results revealed that the adsorption capacities were correlated to void volume and equilibrium time under low-pressure injection (0.5 MPa). The positive deviation, observed in the hysteresis of adsorption–desorption isotherm patterns, and the increased sample mass at the end of the tests suggested CO2 pore diffusion and condensation. This behavior is vital for assessing low-pressure CO2 injection and storage capabilities of shallow coal seams where confining pressure is much lower than that of the deeper seams. Overall, CO2 adsorption depicts a type II adsorption isotherm and a type H3 hysteresis pattern of the IUPAC classification. Experimental results fitted better to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model than the Langmuir isotherm model. CO2 adsorption behavior of intact cores was also evaluated by characteristic curves. It was found that Curve I favored physical forces, i.e., the presence of van der Waals/London dispersion forces to describe the coal–CO2 interactions. However, analysis of Curve II indicated that the changing pressure-volume behavior of CO2 in the adsorbed phase, under low equilibrium pressures, cannot be ignored.