The refined utilization of various parts of hybrid residual C4 has received increasing attention, but the mixed C4 is difficult to separate due to complex components and close boiling points. This paper proposes an innovative separation method using complex extractive distillation by adding cuprous chloride ethanolamine (C2H7NO–CuCl) into the conventional extractant, as a complexing agent. The vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for six different systems, namely, the mixed C4–dimethylformamide (DMF) system and the mixed C4–DMF–C2H7NO–CuCl system, the mixed C4–acetonitrile (ACN) system and the mixed C4–ACN–C2H7NO–CuCl system, and the mixed C4–methyl–ethyl ketone (MEK) system and the mixed C4–MEK–C2H7NO–CuCl system. Results showed that the relative volatility of butane–butene solution was significantly increased with the addition of the complexing agent systems. After careful consideration of various influencing factors, the mixed C4–MEK–C2H7NO–CuCl system was selected as the best extraction separation system, and technological experiments were carried out to further explore its feasibility and advanced nature. Results showed that when the solvent-to-feed ratio (S/F) was 12.5, the reflux ratio of extractive distillation column (R 1) was 1.5, and the reflux ratio of solvent recovery column (R 2) was 2.5, the purity of butene was more than 97.0%, and the separation yield was more than 95.0%. Furthermore, the solvent-to-feed ratio of complex extractive distillation was only 70% of ordinary extractive distillation, the reflux ratio was only 60% of ordinary extractive distillation, and the stripping temperature of the complex extractive distillation column was only about 423.15 K, which was lower than that of the ordinary extractive distillation column.

This paper investigates the selective oligomerization of isobutene in mixed C4 using ethanol as an inhibitor. The effects of ethanol/isobutene, reaction temperature, and reaction space velocity on isobutene oligomerization were examined using two β molecular sieve catalysts. The results indicate that the optimal reaction conditions, at the same calcination temperature, are as follows: The mass ratio of ethanol to isobutylene is 20%, the reaction pressure is 1 MPa, the reaction temperature is 65°C, the reaction space velocity is 2 h−1, the dimerization product C8 has fewer types, and the selectivity can reach over 15%. After adding ethanol, there is a significant inhibitory effect on n‐butene. Furthermore, we used reactive distillation technology to simulate isobutene oligomerization. By optimizing the sensitivity of the tower's operating conditions, we obtained the optimal operational parameters of the tower. Under optimal operating conditions, the conversion rate of isobutene can reach over 80%. The mass fraction of C8 in the oligomerization product accounted for 57.44%, C12 accounted for 8.29%, and ETBE accounted for 34.23%. The reactive distillation technology can improve product selectivity.

The very useful organic solvent 2-octanol is widely employed in the industry, and the direct hydration of olefins is an important method for its production. However, a slow transfer rate during a reaction due to the poor mutual solubility of the reactants is a problem; a cosolvent can be used to solve it. In this study, the feasibility of using the direct hydration of 1-octene via a catalytic distillation process using 1,4-dioxane as a cosolvent was investigated. First, the COSMOtherm program was used to identify and screen many typical cosolvents. Subsequently, the kinetics of the direct hydration reaction of 1-octene using 1,4-dioxane as a cosolvent and an HZSM-5 molecular sieve as the catalyst were determined experimentally. Finally, kinetic and thermodynamic models were utilized to create non-reactive and reactive residual curve maps to assess the feasibility of proceeding with the reaction. Applying a suitable Damköhler number (Da) value and the residual curve changes demonstrated that proceeding with the process was reasonable and feasible. For 0 < Da < 0.03, the reaction kinetics drove the process and 2-octanol was produced via a reaction distillation column procedure. Lastly, two conceptual design processes for the synthesis process of 2-octanol catalytic distillation were proposed and the related analysis carried out.

No abstract

Background: Currently, very limited therapeutic approaches are available for the drug treatment of atherosclerosis(AS). H2S-donor is becoming a common trend in much life-threatening research. Several studies have documented that H2S-lyase is predominantly present in endothelial cells. Sialic acid, natural carbohydrate, binds specifically to the E-selectin receptor of endothelial cells. Meanwhile, Recent studies related to Chondroitin sulfate have excellent target binding ability with CD44 receptor. We conjecture that the dual targeting of chondroitin sulfate and Sialic acid not only enhances the accumulation of the drug in the lesion but also cleaves the H2S donor, thus one stone two birds. Methods: Given these findings, we synthesized two kinds of nanoparticles, Carrier I (SCCF) and Carrier II (SCTM), for atherosclerosis to validate our guesses. Initially, S-allyl-L-cysteine and 4-methoxyphenylthiourea were used as H2S donors for SCCF and SCTM, respectively. After the introduction of ROS-sensitive groups. Then, chondroitin sulfate as the modified matrix and Sialic acid as the targeting group, micelles were prepared to load rapamycin(RAP). Results: In the in vitro assay, micelles were significantly different under H2O2 (1 mM) conditions. In the targeting test, the dual-target effect was superior to the other subgroups. treatment with SCCF@RAP and SCTM@RAP effect in AS is remarkable as confirmed via Oil Red O staining. Conclusions: Thus, we conclude that the effect of dual targeting nanomicelles with ROS-sensitive H2S donor will have a better role in atherosclerosis.