stations S5-Nik€ e and S6-G€ erlic€ e indicate the bad water quality and poor ecological status. The largest number of macrophyte species that were not heliophytes was recorded in SP8-Hani i Elezit. We can conclude that the presence of macrophyte species in river varies from nutrient levels in water. Our results show that values of macrophyte based indices reflect the water quality in sampling stations therefore we can consider them as a reliable instrument for the assessment of the ecological status of the rivers.
Although there is much research on the contract cheating phenomenon, there is very little research on the legal solutions available to address such problems and almost zero research on the contract cheating phenomenon specifically in Kosovo in the Western Balkan region. This article presents the current situation with regard to contract cheating in Kosovo and compares it to western countries, with the aim of identifying the best international practices for combating contract cheating. We also present the results of a study we conducted which suggest that the term “contract cheating” is not well defined in university legal documents, nor is there a consistent understanding of what constitutes contract cheating. Consequently, the perpetrators are not being punished. Results from our online survey also show that 5% to 20% of students use contract cheating services, and they are paying an estimated fee of between 100 and 200 euros and in some cases, more than 250 euros.
Macrophytes are important elements of aquatic ecosystems that grow in or near water. Their taxonomic composition, species diversity, depth, and density are indicators of environmental health; as such, Macrophytes are used to assess the ecological status of water bodies. Under the aim of assessing the ecological status of the Klina River in Kosovo, a survey was conducted at eight sampling sites along the river course to analyze macrophyte composition, diversity, density, and cover. Three samples were collected at each sampling site from early June to late September. The following macrophyte indices were used to assess the ecological status of the river: Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), River Macrophyte Nutrient Index (RMNI), and River Macrophyte Hydraulic Index (RMHI). Our sampling area included the upper reaches of the river where no organic pollution was detected (oligotrophic), the middle reaches where polluted water from farms is discharged into the river, and the lower reaches characterized by heavy organic pollution from settlements and various industrial activities. There is a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), orthophosphates (PO43−), ammonia (NH4+), nitrites (NO2−), calcium (Ca2+), and potassium (K+) with plant density, RMNI, RMHI, EQR-RMNI, EQR-RMHI, and MIR. Sodium (Na+) has stronger positive correlation (p < 0.01) with RMNI and RMHI indices and negative correlation with EQR-RMNI and EQR-RMHI. Our results show that ecological status along the river varies from high and good upstream to poor, bad, and moderate running downstream.
Environmental education is very important for preparation of young generation to solve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale's dimensionality among high school students in two secondary schools in Malisheva, Kosovo, and to use it to examine the worldviews of young people in both the Municipality of Malisheva and the Republic of Kosovo regarding the environment. In total, 1453 students from 2 secondary schools, ages 14 to 18, participated in this study. A varimax rotation was used after the dataset acquired from the scale was analyzed using the principal component analysis factor extraction method. According to this study, all five dimensions balancing, antianthropocentrism, the fragility of nature's balance, rejection of exceptionalism, and the possibility of an eco-crisis-are loaded equally. The frequency distribution of the students' replies was used to determine their worldviews with regard to the environment. The frequency distribution of the students' responses has shown pro-ecologically or pro NEP attitudes and behaviors with the average mean NEP score 68.91%, comparing to pro-anthropocentrism or Dominant Social Paradigm DSP endorsed by 28.6%. We concluded that although the NEP score is relatively high, the DSP paradigm is also present among the High school students. There were no significant differences between NEP and DSP views which is typical for less industrialized societies. Our findings indicate that students are concerned about the environment, however they still need to be environmentally educated in order to develop positive attitudes and behaviors toward the nature.
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