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The majority of the cultural landscapes in Slovenia reflect former times attach to completely different economic and social conditions, which have mainly been outdated (photography Franci Petek).Mnoge slovenske kulturne pokrajine so odsev preteklosti s popolnoma druga~nimi, danes v veliki meri pre`ivetimi gospodarskimi in dru`benimi razmerami (fotografija Franci Petek). ABSTRACT: The aim of the article is to present the use of the Franziscean Cadastre in studying past land use and reconstructing the rural cultural landscape of the 19 th century. Special attention is devoted to presenting the content and accessibility of archival materials. By comparing maps from the Franziscean Cadastre with current land use, we successfully determined the changes, particularly in the rural cultural landscape. A general trend in Slovenia is the selective abandoning of farm land, which has had a great impact on the appearance of the landscape: cultivated fields become meadows, once cultivated areas on less favourable sites are overgrown by forest, and the same occurs with pastures. On the basis of case studies, we established the great usefulness and value of the Franziscean Cadastre, which still exists for almost the entire territory of today's Slovenia. IZVLE^EK: Cilj ~lanka je prikazati uporabo franciscejskega katastra pri preu~evanju pretekle rabe tal in s tem rekonstrukcijo kmetijske kulturne pokrajine 19. stoletja. Posebno pozornost smo namenili prikazu vsebin in dostopnosti arhivskih fondov. S primerjavo map omenjenega katastra z dana{njo rabo tal smo uspe{no ugotavljali spremembe, predvsem v kmetijski kulturni pokrajini. Splo{en trend v Sloveniji je selektivno opu{~anje kmetijskih zemlji{~, kar ima velik vpliv na podobo pokrajine: njive se spreminjajo v travnike, trajni nasadi na manj ugodnih legah se zara{~ajo v gozd, prav tako pa{niki. Na osnovi primerov smo ugotovili veliko uporabnost in vrednost franciscejskega katastra, ki je ohranjen domala za celotno ozemlje dana{nje Slovenije. KLJU^NE BESEDE: zgodovinski viri, franciscejski kataster, raba tal, spremembe rabe tal, kulturna pokrajina, Slovenija.Prispevek je pri{el v uredni{tvo 17. septembra 2004.

Decoding a landscape as a palimpsest, a document overwritten again and again over the passage of time enables us to comprehend a landscape as a multilayered phenomenon, integrating past and present functions, ideologies and physical contexts (photography Mimi Urbanc).Razpoznavanje pokrajine kot palimpsest, kot dokument, sestavljen iz zapisov iz razli~nih obdobij omogo~a razumevanje pokrajine kot slojevit pojav, ki zdru`uje pretekle ter sedanje funkcije, ideologije in naravne danosti (fotografija Mimi Urbanc). IZVLE^EK: ^lanek prikazuje pokrajine kot naravni, zgodovinski, dru`beni in kulturni pojav, predvsem pa kot pomemben del ~lovekovega okolja. Teoreti~nemu delu, kjer predstavljamo pokrajinske spremembe, sledijo {tirje primeri iz Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope, s katerimi dokazujemo, da je dojemanje pokrajin v 20. stoletju nazadovalo. Skupaj z urbanizacijo, globalizacijo in drugimi dru`benimi procesi so hitro spreminjajo~e se dru`benoekonomske ureditve povzro~ile pretrganje vezi med ~lovekom in pokrajino: menjave oblasti vplivajo na predruga~enje dru`benih vrednot in zato se pokrajinske prvine razkrajajo, slabijo ali izginjajo, pokrajine pa posledi~no dobivajo novo ali le druga~no, preoblikovano podobo, vlogo in pomen. Vsaka sprememba v pokrajini zahteva svoj ~as, da se umesti, vendar neprestano spreminjanje meril, kaj je vredno in cenjeno, bega ljudi in ima otipljive posledice: depopulacijo, opu{~anje dejavnosti, divja odlagali{~a smeti, neustrezno infrastrukturo, regionalno neskladen arhitekturni razvoj itd. Zastavlja se vpra{anje, ali sodoben razvoj, turizma na primer, izbolj{uje odnos ljudi do pokrajine.KLJU^NE BESEDE: Srednja in Vzhodna Evropa, pokrajina, pokrajinske spremembe, dojemanje pokrajine, odtujitev.Prispevek je prispel v uredni{tvo 15. novembra 2004.

Many gravel pits on the Jar{ki prod area have attracted illegal dumping (photography: Mateja Breg). [tevilne gramoznice na Jar{kem produ so postale priljubljeno odlagali{~e odpadkov (fotografija: Mateja Breg). ABSTRACT: In the past, the excavation of gravel placed Jar{ki prod among areas of great opportunity, but this was followed by a major ecological blow: the filling of gravel pits with waste. The area started to regain significance with the construction of a drinking water pumping station and in accordance with the Spatial Plan of the City Municipality of Ljubljana is today seen as a forested area with a pronounced ecological or recreational importance. In spite of suitable legal foundations, as a protected water catchment area Jar{ki prod is in practice still unprotected. Considering the most important natural (shallow groundwater, easily permeable layer of gravel) and social characteristics (location near a densely populated area, irresponsible attitudes), the groundwater is an extremely endangered natural resource. GRAVEL PLAINS IN URBAN AREAS: GRAVEL PITS AS AN ELEMENT OF DEGRADED LANDSCAPES