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Mediterranean temporary ponds (MTPs) is a priority habitat according to the Natura 2000 network of the European Union (Natura code 3170, Habitats Directive 92/43/ EEC) and is located in various Mediterranean countries. Priority habitats are those habitattypes or elements with a unique or important significance to a diverse group of species. They consist of a unique flora composition, succession stage and/or structural factor. Increased urbanisation and agriculture in addition to climate change, in the Mediterranean region, has led to the extinction of a very large number of temporary ponds. This paper is a review of the value and the numerous threats, concerning MTPs. Protection and conservation of the ponds is very important and appropriate managerial measures should be immediately taken, to save such a vulnerable ecosystem.

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