In order to determine the effect of fertilization, environment, and their interactions on the yield and oats yield components. Five fertilization treatments (T1-control, T2-80 kg N ha-1, T3-120 kg N ha-1, 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 80 kg K2O ha-1, T4-N120P80K80 + 5 t ha-1 of lime and T5-N120P80K80 + 5 t ha-1 of lime + 30 t ha-1 of farmyard manure) were examined during three growing seasons in Kraljevo location in Western Serbia. Grain yield (GY), 1000 grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), number of grains per panicle (NGP) and protein content (PC) were analysed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of organic and mineral fertilization and calcification on the yield and oats yield components. On average, for all fertilizer variants, during the three-year trial, the highest yield of oats 3802 kg ha-1 was obtained in the fertilizer variant with the combined application of NPK fertilizers, lime and manure. Positive highly significant correlation, during in the study trial were found between yields with PH, PL and NGP. Negative and highly significant dependencies were found between protein content with GY, PH and NGP. The results of these studies indicate the importance of rational introduction of adequate quantities of fertilization, calcification and humization in order to make oats as profitable as possible in the agro-ecological conditions in Pannonian Environments.

Advantages or disadvantages of intercropping system can estimate through expression of components of yield on the base of values of productive organs (spike, pod). The aim of this work was study of variation of spike index in cereals species and pods index in pea of spring intercropping. For investigation included spring species of small grains: wheat, triticale, oat and spring legume pea. The investigation was carried out in field condition in experiment with randomised block design of 5m 2 plots, with 4 replications. Each species (cereals and pea) were sown sole and in intercrops wheat+pea, triticale+pea and oat+pea. At the maturity stage used 40

The total area under cereals during 2018 remained at a long-term stable level of about 1.7 million hectares. Maize and wheat are the most important crops grown in the Republic of Serbia. In the structure of harvested areas under cereals, maize dominates (53%), followed by wheat (38%). The objective of this paper was to determine if there was a recognisable trend line for the production of these crops in the 2007-2018 period. The yield data (Area harvested (ha), Production (tonnes), Production (t/ha)) were collected from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Calculations of relevant and valid trends using central tendency measures, dispersion measures, relative ratios and percentage growth were used for statistical data processing. During the observation period, the average annual growth in maize yield was 6.38%, while the average annual growth in wheat yield was slightly lower, 2.00%. However, it is not possible to create an appropriate trend line for any of the variables in order to predict a future time period, since the coefficient of determination is low.

Raspberry production has a long tradition in the Republic of Serbia, and the raspberry is the most economically important berry crop. According to data for the period from 2006 to 2016, the Republic of Serbia was ranked fourth in the world in the production of this fruit crop. The paper presents an analysis of raspberry production in the Republic of Serbia using statistical data from the previous years, which were compared with 2016 data. For comparison and analysis, we used the data presented on the FAOSTAT statistical database website and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (RZS) website. The analysis of the available data for the period 2006-2016 shows that the total yield of raspberries in this period varied, as did yield in tonnes per hectare, which ranged from 5.3 to 6 tonnes, depending on year. A sudden decrease in total yield in 2012 and in all subsequent years until 2016 was also observed. This was caused by a sudden reduction in the area under raspberries.

The objective of this paper is to show and compare the production of maize and wheat in Serbia from 2007 to 2016. This paper presents an analysis of the production of maize and wheat in the Republic of Serbia, by applying the method of comparison and using the data on previous years and comparing them with the 2016 data. The data are available on the website of the FAOSTAT statistical database and on the website of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (RZS), which were used for comparison and analysis. The record year when it comes to the harvest of maize was 2014, in the period from 2007 to 2016, with its production over 7.951.583 tonnes. The highest production of wheat was in 2016, and it amounted to 2.884.537 t. The year 2016 recorded the highest production of wheat in the last decade while corn advanced in comparison to the previous year, the best production having been achieved in 2014. We can say that, as far as production is concerned, the situation is improving with minor fluctuations.

Tracking the distribution of Fusarium species and the detection of changes in toxin production provides epidemiological information that is essential for Fusarium head blight (FHB) management. Members of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) were characterized using species and trichothecene-specific primers. Associations between members of the FGSC, cereal crop species (wheat, rye, triticale, and oat), seeding time (winter and spring), type of cultivation (monocrop and intercrop) and chemotype grouping were investigated with multiple correspondence analysis and multiple regression modeling. We found that triticale and oat were more related to isolates classified into F. graminearum s. lato than with other isolates. In contrast, wheat and rye were more associated with F. graminearum s. stricto. Cereal crop species affected the frequencies of F. graminearum s. stricto (p = 0.003) and F. graminearum s. lato (p = 0.08) and unidentified isolates with morphological characteristics like those of FGSC members (p = 0.02). The effectiveness of species-specific primers was 60.3% (Fg16F/R) and 76.2% (FgrF/FgcR), and the effectiveness of primer sets for the trichothecene genotyping of the Tri5 and Tri3 genes was 100% and 90.6%, respectively. The decrease in Fusarium-damaged kernel values in the wheat–pea intercropping system indicated that intercropping systems have the potential to control FHB.

Widespread usage of intercropping systems has been limited because of a lack of knowledge about the key factors that affect the performance of intercrop components. We used general linear modelling to explain the effect of different cropping systems on the relationships among yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and crude protein of cereal crops under the same agro-ecological conditions and naturally occurring inocula of obligate pathogens. The results of our study showed that the yield variation under extreme fluctuations in climatic conditions could be lowered through intercropping cultivation. The disease indices of leaf rust and powdery mildew were highly dependent on the type of cultivation. The relationships among the levels of pathogenic infection and yield performances were not straightforward and were highly dependent on the yielding potentials of the cultivars. Our study indicated that changes in yield, TKW, and crude protein, as well as their relationships during intercropping cultivation, were cultivar specific and, therefore, not the same among all cereal crops exposed to the same agro-ecological conditions.

The harvest index of grain can be used as indicator for the potential yield of crop. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of the harvest index for wheat and triticale and differences in monocrops and intercrops systems of cultivation under different field environmental conditions. The experiment, carried out in field conditions for two consecutive years, was designed according to a randomized block system so that each species was sown in two cultivation systems as a single crop and a combined crop (wheat + pea and triticale + pea) in four replicates. The results show that, in the first year of the experiment, the value of the harvest index varied from 32.5% (triticale + pea) to 39.3% (wheat monocrop), while in the second year of the research, the value of the harvest index varied from 26.4% (wheat + pea) and 28.1% (triticale + pea). As for the components of harvest index, values of weight of grains spike-1 and weight of total above ground biomass were higher in intercrops than in monocrops system of cultivation. It can be concluded that the intercropping of cereals (triticale and wheat) and forage crops (pea) provided positive effects on weight of grains spike-1 and weight of total above ground biomass and does not diminish harvest index when compared to standard system of cultivation.