Supply chain management in small and medium-sized enterprises is aimed at ensuring both short-and long-term effectiveness and efficiency of these enterprises. Management practically ensures that small and medium-sized enterprises, as dynamic, self-controlled, controlled and open systems, adapt to the operating environment, which is inherently dynamic, open and stochastic. Traditional approach to management of small and medium-sized enterprises is associated with overstocking and providing excessive capacity as a means of protection against demand variability. Owing to the possibility of rapid and major changes in the marketplace, this approach presents a great risk with potential adverse effects. Contemporary approach to management of small and medium-sized enterprises implies that these enterprises operate following the "feel and react" principle, as opposed to the traditional "produce and then sell" principle. A fast response to the demand variability requires efficient solutions for all elements that constitute the supply chain: demand management, planning, procurement, warehousing, production, transport and distribution. For these very reasons, there is a need to address the issue of supply chain optimization, inasmuch since every organizational system wants to utilize the synergistic effect of a whole and be as efficient and effective as possible. As the synergistic effect depends heavily on both the strategy chosen and managerial decisions made by the managers at the operational level during adjustment of work processes, they are requested to make decision closely tailored to the entire organizational system. Taking the above mentioned problem into account, a growing number of researchers have recently been asking questions and searching for a solution on how chosen strategies and managerial decisions made by the managers at the operational level during adjustment of work processes may contribute to enhancement of effectiveness and efficiency of the entire enterprise.
The success of small and medium enterprises to adapt to constant changes in the environment largely depends on the different strategies and management decisions taken by managers at the operational level. This paper is searching for a tool that would allow managers at all levels to consider the effects of their decisions on the success of the enterprise as a whole. In this sense, the application of system dynamics developed one modular simulation model of business processes of SMEs. Developed model recognizes the specificities of SMEs, such as a large range of products, the use of a wide variety of materials, production in small batches and requests for reduction of lead time (Lead Time). The effects of various strategies and management decisions can be observed by monitoring the dependence of performance measures of simulated process on values of model parameters. Through four experiments the effects of changes in inventory management policies, the availability and size of the lot were simulated. The results of experiments showed that the variation of the model parameters should be oriented simultaneously towards several of the aforementioned directions.
In this paper life cycle assessment was applied to analyze and evaluate, from an environmental point of view, current and alternatives to the current solid waste management system in Banjaluka region. The current system, which is disposal on landfill, has significant adverse environmental impacts caused by methane emissions from landfill. Therefore, four different scenarios were developed as alternatives to the current waste management system. Landfilling with energy recovery, separate collection of packaging waste, incineration and anaerobic digestion were considered in these scenarios. The functional unit in this study is 100,000 tons which is the amount of municipal waste which is generated within one year in Banjaluka. The assessment in this study was based on results from modelling performed in the EASETECH model. The improvement of gas collection in the current scenario and its utilisation for the purpose of creating energy will have a positive effect on the environment. Increasing separation collection of packaging waste and reducing biodegradable waste will have a positive effect on the environment. The separation and recycling of packaging waste should begin as soon as possible and policies that promote source separated collection should be implemented.
This study shows model of strategic planning process development, which consists of the vision, mission and strategic goals, for the purpose of business performance quality improvement in small and medium enterprises. Conditions for establishing measurable business goals are formed by defining strategic plan, which is the precondition for monitoring the quality of company's business performance. The first phase of this study referred to explaining the term and defining strategic management process. The second phase shows the process of making strategic plan for a selected company.
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