In this paper the micromechanical approach to ductile fracture was applied in a study of constraint effect on crack growth initiation in mismatched welded joints. The single-edged notched bend specimens (precrack length a0/W=0.32) were experimentally and numerically analyzed. The coupled micromechanical model proposed by Gurson, Tvergaard and Needleman was used. Constraint effect was tested by varying widths of the welded joints (6, 12 and 18mm). Highstrength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel was used as the base metal in a quenched and tempered condition. The flux-cored arc-welding process in shielding gas was used. Two different fillers were selected to obtain over- and undermatched weld metal. The micromechanical parameters used in prediction of the crack growth initiation on precracked specimen were calibrated on a round smooth specimen. The difference in fracture behavior between over- and undermatched welded joints obtained in experimental results was followed by numerical computations of void volume fraction in front of the crack tip.
The concepts of smart agriculture, with the aim of highly automated industrial mass production leaning towards self-farming, can be scaled down to the level of small farms and homesteads, with the use of more affordable electronic components and open-source software. The backbone of smart agriculture, in both cases, is the Internet of Things (IoT). Single-board computers (SBCs) such as a Raspberry Pi, working under Linux or Windows IoT operating systems, make affordable platform for smart devices with modular architecture, suitable for automation of various tasks by using machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision (CV). Similarly, the Arduino microcontroller enables the building of nodes in the IoT network, capable of reading various physical values, wirelessly sending them to other computers for processing and furthermore, controlling electronic elements and machines in the physical world based on the received data. This review gives a limited overview of currently available technologies for smart automation of industrial agricultural production and of alternative, smaller-scale projects applicable in homesteads, based on Arduino and Raspberry Pi hardware, as well as a draft proposal of an integrated homestead automation system based on the IoT.
An ever increasing number of electronic devices integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) generates vast amounts of data, which gets transported via network and stored for further analysis. However, besides the undisputed advantages of this technology, it also brings risks of unauthorized access and data compromise, situations where machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) can help with detection of potential threats, intrusions and automation of the diagnostic process. The effectiveness of the applied algorithms largely depends on the previously performed optimization, i.e., predetermined values of hyperparameters and training conducted to achieve the desired result. Therefore, to address very important issue of IoT security, this article proposes an AI framework based on the simple convolutional neural network (CNN) and extreme machine learning machine (ELM) tuned by modified sine cosine algorithm (SCA). Not withstanding that many methods for addressing security issues have been developed, there is always a possibility for further improvements and proposed research tried to fill in this gap. The introduced framework was evaluated on two ToN IoT intrusion detection datasets, that consist of the network traffic data generated in Windows 7 and Windows 10 environments. The analysis of the results suggests that the proposed model achieved superior level of classification performance for the observed datasets. Additionally, besides conducting rigid statistical tests, best derived model is interpreted by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis and results findings can be used by security experts to further enhance security of IoT systems.
Being predominantly a mountainous country, in Bosnia and Herzegovina natural disasters periodically occur, especially floods, which can cause extensive material damage and human casualties. The existing flood defense system is focused on monitoring the situation on major rivers. In contrast, torrential floods are short-lived but turbulent phenomena, causing landslides, extensive material damage and loss of human lives. By collecting data from characteristic points on the terrain and analyzing them, it is possible to detect a situation which could cause torrential floods further in the river basin. Automated aggregation of such data by the competent services could provide timely organization of flood defenses. By integrating hardware components, sensors, microcontrollers with a web server and custom built software, an early warning system was created capable of providing timely alerts to the risks of pouring of the rivers, as well as the emergence of torrential streams or landslides. The system is based on a network of automatic meteorological stations (AMS), which submit data at regular intervals to a central server, where this data is further processed and displayed to persons with appropriate authorization level to access the system.
U Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i u ostalim državama nastalim na teritoriji bivše Jugoslavije i danas je dominantan model sistema obrazovanja sa kraja XIX i početka XX veka, proistekao iz druge industrijske revolucije čija je osnovna karakteristika bila masovna proizvodnja. Brzi tempo industrijalizacije poljoprivrednog društva, organizacija proizvodnje po sistemu montažne trake uz standardizaciju i eliminaciju ručnog rada su stvorili potrebu za velikim brojem radnika sa ograničenim setom radnih veština. Da bi se zadovoljile potrebe za radnom snagom, obrazovanje je takođe prilagođeno masovnoj proizvodnji kroz sistem osnovnih, srednjih, stručnih i visokih škola, koji je proizvodio kadrove prosečnog kvaliteta i sa ograničenim setom radnih veština. U poslednjih 50 godina, napredak informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija (IKT), sveopšta digitalizacija i automatizacija proizvodnje, pojava Interneta i međusobno umrežavanje fabričkih postrojenja su eliminisali potrebu za nespecijalizovanom radnom snagom. Nasuprot tome, tempo razvoja novih tehnologija od radnika sa specijalizovanim veštinama zahteva permanentno usavršavanje i usvajanje novih znanja. Nažalost, postojeći obrazovni sistem u državama bivše Jugoslavije nije u stanju da prati tempo koji diktira pojava novih IKT, niti industriji da obezbedi u značajnim količinama radnu snagu koja bi svojim kvalitetom mogla da parira modernim izazovima. Kako IK tehnologije proistekle iz četvrte industrijske revolucije mogu da pomognu da se ovaj problem reši?
Financial activities possess certain specificities compared to the real sector of the economy. These specificities, within the political and economic environment corresponding to the economy in transition, have influenced the manner, flow and quality of the privatization of banks in Serbia. The account statement of this segment of the transition process, almost twenty years after the formal beginning of the privatization of the banking sector in Serbia, clearly indicates that the number of banks has been largely reduced, that the structure of banks is dominated by foreign banks, but also that significant progress has been made in modernizing business processes. The Internet's omnipresence has enabled a revolution in the services that banks provide to clients and firms, primarily through the automation of certain processes and implemetation of efficient software solutions based on web technologies. Via e-banking, clients are given insight into the current balance of accounts, cards and loans, or the realization of transactions or exchange without going to the bank, while m-banking popularization enables the use of a smartphone as an electronic wallet. New technologies have enabled the centralized collection and intersection of data from various sources, which makes it possible for the bank to gain insight into the clients' finances and, based on this, to make a quality business decision.
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