Hematological Profile of Serbian Youth National Soccer TeamsSoccer is one of the most widely played and complex sports in the world, where players need technical, tactical, and physical skills to succeed. Technical and tactical skills in soccer are highly dependent on the player's physical capacity. The selection, development and professional guidance of young players is a priority for many top soccer clubs in order to maintain their sporting and financial status. The aim of the present study was to determine hematological profile of youth national soccer teams and to compare the values of fifteen hematological parameters between 3 Serbian youth national teams (under 14, 15 and 16 years old), as well as between soccer players and nonathletes. 80 young soccer players and 30 non-athletes participated in the study. 15 hematologic parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PDW, LYM%, MON%, GRAN%, LYM, MON, GRAN) were measured. In order to determine the significance of differences between the groups on a multivariate level a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was administered, and to test the differences between the groups on an univariate level a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. It was concluded that there is no significant difference in all the variables (WBC, Ly, Mo, Gr, PLT, HGB, HCT, etc), except RBC, probably due to age, androgen affection on erythropoesis, field positoning and diet. From a practical point of view, the clinician has to take into account not only age, but also training status of individuals when evaluating their blood tests.

IntroductionAcute and chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd), due to its increased use and application in the industry, can result in the development of atherosclerosis, the occurrence of cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular stroke, as well as carcinogenesis in some organs. The target for cadmium action is thought to be the vascular endothelium.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress on blood vessel endothelium induced by subacute administration of cadmium, as well as the protective power of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) supplementation on the Wistar strain albino rat model system.MethodsAfter anesthesia of rats in the vivarium of the Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine in Niš, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and sent to the Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Center in Niš, Serbia for determination of hematological parameters.ResultsAccording to the results of this study, it can be seen that the number of granulocytes is reduced due to cadmium intoxication, which is probably induced by the migration of neutrophils into tissues. The number of lymphocytes was increased due to subacute cadmium intoxication compared to the control group of animals. The positive efficacy of α-LA supplements in combating the adverse effects of cadmium on blood vessels is also confirmed.ConclusionsCadmium administration is thought to cause a systemic inflammatory reaction due to the formation of free radicals in the blood vessel endothelium. Administration of α-LA supplement confirms that it can be used as an antioxidant in the clinical management of many diseases and also in cadmium intoxication.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Obesity is one of the major risk factors for developing atherosclerosis accompanied by other cardiovascular risk factors.AimsTo determine the incidence of obesity in the group of children, the accompanying risk factors (high blood glucose and blood pressure values, dyslipidemia) important for the development of atherosclerosis, their frequency in the group of obese, overweight and normal weight children and the importance of sports activities in the existing risk factors in childrenMethodsThe degree of nourishment is determined by calculating the body mass index (BMI). The overweight were classified with BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2, obese with BMI>30kg/m2. Everyone was measured blood pressures (systolic and diastolic), the concentrations of glucose (gl), total cholesterol (TC/mmol/l), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C/mmol/l, Triglicerid (Tg/mmol/l). Concentration of low density lipoproteins was calculated (LDL-C/mmol/l). The percentage of children with values of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and Tg which are high risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood was determined. National good clinical practice guide ’Lipid disorders’ was used.Results389 children aged 2 to 19 were examined, 12.34% obese, 22.62% overweight and 61.44% normal weight children. Values od systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, Tg were higher, HDL-C value was lower in overweight children than in normal weight, but without significant statistic diference. Values of diastolic blood pressure, TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in overweight children. In obese children these values were significantly higher than in normal weight. In obese children the largest number had values of TC, LDL-C and Tg which are high-risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood (14.58%, 12.5%, 22.9%) as compared to overweight (11.36%, 9.64%, 5.68%) and the normal weight children (5.44%, 5%, 5.02%). In normal weight sport inactive children values of TC, HDL-C and Tg were higher compared to sport active children but without statistically significant difference and also was the percentage of children with values of LDL-C and HDL-C that are high risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.In obese sport inactive children lipids values were higher than in sport active but without significant statistic diference (>0.05) and also was the percentage of children with the values of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels that are high risk factor for developing of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.ConclusionsIt is necessary to detect the obese children, to clarify the cause of obesity and as early as possible to include them in the diet, and if necessary, the drug treatment. In monitoring these children it is essential to monitor the blood pressure, and lipid status. In the prevention of obesity health education of parents, especially mothers, is essential.

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