BACKGROUND:Ovarian strumal carcinoid is a germ cell tumour characterised by a mixture of thyroid tissue and carcinoid. Ovarian struma is a very rare occurrence with 0.3-1% incidence of all ovarian tumours and 3% of mature teratomas. Primary carcinoid ovarian tumours are still uncommon as a part of mature teratoma or mucinous cystadenoma. There are four major variants of a carcinoid tumour: insular, trabecular, strumal and mucinous. A strumal carcinoid is an unusual form of ovarian teratoma composed of an intimate admixture of thyroid/carcinoid tissues.CASE REPORT:This is a case report of a 59-year old woman with a 5-year clinical history of perimenopausal uterine bleeding and three explorative curettages. Gynaecological and ultrasound examinations revealed ovarian enlargement with a diameter of 50 mm with hypoechoic zones suspected of benign teratoma. The diagnostic test such as Ca-125, AFP, free-T4 and TSH was in normal range. A smooth, solid right ovarian 50 an mm-size tumour, as well as small amount of fluid in the Douglas pouch, was found during the total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and staging biopsy. The histopathology revealed teratoma with strumal carcinoid tumour IA stage according to AJCC 2010 of the right ovary and negative cytopathology of the fluid from the Douglas pouch. On the postoperative 2-year control, the patient was tumour free, and Ca-125, free-T4 and TSH were in normal range.CONCLUSION:We would like to point out those specific diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound and Ca-125 have low specificity and sensitivity in detection of this rare ovarian malignancy.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the results of two human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnostic techniques: human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) testing and human papillomavirus E6/E7 messenger ribonucleic acid (HPV E6/E7 mRNA) testing in women with squamous cell abnormalities of the uterine cervix. Material and Methods: Comparative prospective study, conducted in the period from January 2016 to June 2017 of 128 sexually active women, age groups of 20 to 59 years (40.50 ± 10.85) with squamous cell abnormalities on the cervical cytology. All patients were subject to: HPV DNA testing, HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing and colposcopic cervical biopsy with endocervical curettage for histopathologycal analysis. HPV DNA testing was done using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse hybridization methods. HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing was done using real-time PCR method. Results: Data analysis showed an association between the results of HPV DNA testing and HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing (p˂0.0001). The concordance between the results of both tests was moderate (55.47%). The results show that HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing had a higer specificity 88.89% and positive predictive value (PPV) 93.59% for HSIL + invasive squamous cell carcinoma compared to HPV DNA testing that had specificity of 55.56% and PPV 84.61%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of our study suggested that HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing is more specific and has a higher positive predictive value than HPV DNA testing and that viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 are superior biomarkers for the detection of high-risk HPV-associated squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix.

The benign-malign determination of the adnexal masses, using a cut-off for RMI = 200, showed 85% sensitivity and 97% specificity. After six years, the RMI was modified to RMI 2, 2 and again in 1999, to RMI 3. Method: Our ROMI was the simple sum of points from the three-stage gradation of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), data from the patient's familial and personal history and the ultrasound characteristics of the tumour (i.e. tumour size ≥ 6 cm, multilocularity, tumour with ≥ ¼ solid areas, dense and opalescent liquid, septum or papillary vegetation ≥ 3 mm), ascites, bilaterality, an unclear margin with respect to the surrounding tissue and thickness of the capsule ≥ 3 mm. Its originality lay in the three-stage CA-125 gradation, namely < 35 U/ml (1 point), 35-129 U/ml (3 points) and ≥ 130 U/ml (5 points). The study group comprised 274 patients divided into a group with benign tumours (BOT) (n = 205), and a group with malignant tumours (MOT) (n = 69). Both groups were subdivided into three subgroups of ROMI ≤ 11 (low risk), ROMI 12-14 (unclear risk) and ROMI ≥ 15 (high risk). Results:The cut-off ROMI of ≤ 11 showed high sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The cut-off ROMI of ≤ 14 demonstrated extremely high specificity of 0.985, but lower sensitivity and AUC, of 0.57 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion:Our newly devised ROMI and its cut-off of ≤ 11 is very effective in excluding, as well as confirming, ovarian cancer. P Peer reviewed.

BACKGROUND:Endometrial cancer is the third-ranked genital malignancy in women and includes 3% of cancer deaths. There is a 2.8% chance of a woman developing endometrial cancer during her lifetime. Low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas are often seen along with endometrial hyperplasia, but high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas have more solid sheets of less-differentiated tumour cells, which are no longer organised into glands, often associated with surrounded atrophic endometrium.CASE REPORT:We present an unusual case of endometrial adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyoma in 74-year old woman presented with genital prolapse, without other clinical symptoms. Ultrasound evaluation revealed endometrium with 4 mm-thickness and atrophic ovaries. The cervical smear was normal. The patient underwent a total vaginal hysterectomy. The histopathology of the anterior uterine wall revealed an intramural adenomyoma of 4 mm in which some endometrial glands with malignant transformation of well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma without infiltration in surrounding myometrium and lymphovascular invasion were present. The endometrium lining the uterine cavity was predominantly atrophic, and only one focus of simplex and complex hyperplasia was found, with cell-atypia. According to AJCC/FIGO 2010, the tumour was classified: pTNM = pT1B pNX pMX G1 R0 L0 V0 NG1, Stage I. On dismiss, the near-future oncological consultation was recommended.CONCLUSION:We would like to point out the rare occurrence of such type of malignancy and the importance of meticulous histopathology evaluation, even after reconstructive surgery for genital prolapse.

Introduction:Uterine lipoleiomyomas are a rare type of uterine myomas, which have been seldom diagnosed and are less known and still unusual. Histologically they are composed of smooth muscle cells with multiple fat cells and fibrous tissue. Their pathogenesis is still a stigmata and their preoperative diagnosis is still questionable.Case report history:A 39-year old woman presented at the University clinic for obstetrics and gynecology with complaints of a mild low abdominal and pelvic pain, increased frequency of vaginal bleeding and abdominal distension. Ultrasound examination showed dislocated uterus by a large semisolid tumor, located between the uterus and the urinary bladder. This mass was not well defined and had great vascularity. Pelvic computerized tomography revealed a large heterogeneous tumor located behind the bladder, measuring 8.5x7.5cm in size, making compression on the other pelvic organs.Conclusion:We should pay more attention on the preoperative imaging studies, in order to select patients who require surgery and further treatment more appropriately.