Water table forecasting plays an important role in the management of groundwater resources in agricultural regions where there are drainage systems in river valleys. The results presented in this paper pertain to an area along the left bank of the Danube River, in the Province of Vojvodina, which is the northern part of Serbia. Two soft computing techniques were used in this research: an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and an artificial neural network (ANN) model for one-month water table forecasts at several wells located at different distances from the river. The results suggest that both these techniques represent useful tools for modeling hydrological processes in agriculture, with similar computing and memory capabilities, such that they constitute an exceptionally good numerical framework for generating high-quality models.
a b s t r a c tModern agriculture is faced with two tasks: (1) to produce enough food for a growing global population, and (2) to ensure satisfactory crop quality while using water resources efficiently. A study of the effect of kaolin on the yield, quality and water use efficiency of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), grown under different irrigation regimes, is reported in the paper. The research was conducted in an open field with carbonate chernozem soil, at Stara Pazova (40 km north of Belgrade, Serbia). It lasted for three years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The experimental setup was a two-factorial, completely random block system, with three replications. The first factor was the irrigation regime and the second the application of kaolin. Two irrigation treatments were studied: (a) full irrigation (F), covering 100% of ETc (crop evapotranspiration), and (b) deficit irrigation (D) at 50% of ETc. The kaolin treatments were: (a) control treatment, without kaolin (C) and treatment with a 5% suspension of kaolin (K).On average, the highest fresh tomato fruit yields were achieved under full irrigation, with kaolin (FK) (21.0 kg m −2 ). The FK treatment also resulted in the greatest dry weight of the fruits (1.1 kg m −2 ). The average fruit weight was rather uniform and ranged from 71.7 g with DC to 75.4 g with DK. The average sugar and lycopene content was quite uniform over the study period, while the irrigation regime had a significant effect on the average organic acid content and total antioxidant activity. Deficit irrigation treatments resulted in a higher organic acid content and higher total antioxidant activity than full irrigation. The application of kaolin had a greater effect of the water use efficiency of tomato than the irrigation treatment.
Osnovnim projektom energetskog iskorišćenja srednjeg dela reke Drine (od Višegrada do Zvornika) bila je predviđena izgradnja pet velikih hidroelektrana. Hidroelektrana kod Zvornika je imala najveće prednosti i ona je prva izgrađena. Hidroelektrana "Zvornik" pregrađuje reku Drinu na oko 1 km uzvodno od Malog Zvornika u Srbiji i Zvornika u Bosni i Hercegovini. U cilju produženja radnog veka, Urbanističkim projektom je planirana modernizacija proizvodnih agregata i pripadajuće opreme, dogradnja aneksa iznad sifona agregata A1 i A2, kao i dogradnja aneksa mašinske zgrade na desnoj obali reke u funkciji smeštaja elektroopreme. Zamenom vitalnih delova turbine sa povećanjem prečnika uz povećanje stepena korisnosti, protoka i snage, kao i zamenom generatora novim generatorom veće snage sa pobudom i svim potrebnim pomoćnim uređajima, obezbediće se pouzdan rad hidroelektrane i produžiće se radni vek za narednih 40 godina, uz stvaranje mogućnosti za naknadnu ugradnju dodatnog petog agregata.
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