In this paper we describe a new version of our distributed network emulator that extends an existing kernel level emulator called IMUNES. IMUNES is based on a lightweight virtual machine concept and performs zero copying when packets traverse through the emulated topology. It works on a modified FreeBSD kernel and enables emulated nodes to use the standard UNIX applications. The main strengths of this tool are scalability, performance and high fidelity. We are developing a distributed network simulation to further increase the scalability by allowing parts of emulation to be deployed across a peer-to-peer emulator cluster. The decentralized management of the emulator cluster improves availability and robustness of the system. We provide support for a multi-user and multi-experiment environment to maximize the benefit from newly increased resources. Distributed emulation, scalability, clustering INTRODUCTIONIn network emulations the demands for resources are rising with the complexity of the emulated network. The resources available on only one machine are imposing the limit on scalability. As a result of dealing with this problem many powerful network emulators are designed as distributed systems [1], [9] and [11].IMUNES is a network emulator that offers high scalability, performance and fidelity. Designing a distributed emulator based on IMUNES pushes the limits of scalability even further. IMUNES is a topology specification, management and GUI application. Core of IMUNES network emulation facility are kernel level lightweight virtual machines available in modified FreeBSD kernel. Distributing the simulation based on IMUNES implies the separation of topology specification and GUI application from the management utility, and extending management utility to provide the support for distributed simulations.Our distributed simulator works on a cluster and fulfills the following:• Improved scalability -this is the most important demand. We expect the scalability to improve proportionally to the number of distributed hosts. • Improved robustness -the state of the cluster is kept up-to-date on each host in the cluster. Even in the case of a failure of any host in the cluster the state of the cluster remains available and accurate. • Improved utilization -all the available resources of the cluster should be used in an efficient manner. This means allowing more than one person to use the

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Summary Cloud of Things (CoT) is a novel concept driven by the synergy of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing paradigm. The CoT concept has expedited the development of smart services resulting in the proliferation of their real world deployments. However, new research challenges arise because of the transition of research‐driven and proof‐of‐concept solutions to commercial offerings, which need to provide secure, energy‐efficient, and reliable services. An open research issue in the CoT is to provide a satisfactory level of security between various IoT devices and the cloud. Existing solutions for secure CoT communication typically use devices with pre‐loaded and pre‐configured parameters, which define a static setup for secure communication. In contrast to existing pre‐configured solutions, we present an adaptable model for secure communication in CoT environments. The model defines six secure communication operations to enable CoT entities to autonomously and dynamically agree on the security protocol and cryptographic keys used for communication. Further on, we focus on device agreement and present an original solution, which uses the Agile Cryptographic Agreement Protocol in the context of CoT. We verify our solution by a prototype implementation of CoT device agreement based on required security level, which takes into account the capabilities of communicating devices. Our experimental evaluation compares the average processing times of the proposed secure communication operations demonstrating the viability of the proposed solution in real‐world deployments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Can a software routing implementation compete in a field generally reserved for specialized lookup hardware? This paper presents DXR, an IPv4 lookup scheme based on transforming large routing tables into compact lookup structures which easily fit into cache hierarchies of modern CPUs. DXR supports various memory/speed tradeoffs and scales almost linearly with the number of CPU cores. The smallest configuration, D16R, distills a real-world BGP snapshot with 417,000 IPv4 prefixes and 213 distinct next hops into a structure consuming only 782 Kbytes, less than 2 bytes per prefix, and achieves 490 million lookups per second (MLps) in synthetic tests using uniformly random IPv4 keys on a commodity 8-core CPU. Some other DXR configurations exceed 700~MLps at the cost of increased memory footprint. DXR significantly outperforms a software implementation of DIR-24-8-BASIC, has better scalability, and requires less DRAM bandwidth. Our prototype works inside the FreeBSD kernel, which permits DXR to be used with standard APIs and routing daemons such as Quagga and XORP, and to be validated by comparing lookup results against the BSD radix tree.

Recent technological advances encompassed by the smart factory concept have fundamentally changed industrial control systems in the way they are structured and how they operate. Majority of these changes affect Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, shifting them to a higher level of interoperability, heterogeneous networks, big data and toward internet technologies and services in general. However, this transformation does not affect all SCADA systems equally. The immediate industrial environment and controlled processes have a significant impact as well. This paper presents a holistic approach to SCADA systems implemented in continuous flow production control within the steel industry production environment. We outline the multi-layer architecture of the SCADA control framework and the aspects of interoperability and interconnection within the architecture reference models, together with the research challenges and opportunities arising from the recent rapid increasement of the industrial control systems complexity and digital transformation under the Industry 4.0 paradigm, resulting in disrupting levels of the traditional automation pyramid based on Purdue model toward a higher level of integration and interoperability enabling cross-level data exchange empowered by the Industrial Internet of Things. Furthermore, the paper addresses the problem of proprietary SCADA systems and elaborates the causal correlation between SCADA quality requirements and adoption of new technology in relation to the specific industrial environment of the steel manufacturing process.