Policy makers and the supply chain could take these differences in consumer preferences regarding traditional food products into account in order to develop specific strategies.
At the early prophase stage of meiosis in microspore mother cells, five rows of cells were identified in Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Çavuş anthers consisting of a single layer epidermis in the anther wall surrounding the sporagenous tissue, one row of endothecium, one to two rows of middle layer and one row of tapetum layer. It was found that tapetum layer in anther cross sections comprises cells with lrgae nucleus and dense cytoplasm. It was observed that, during further development, epidermis was split into piece, tapetum cells developed abnormally and pollen mother cells grew up to larger sizes in some samples. Those cells were identified to consist of often two, occasionally one and rarely three to six nuclei. Moreover, differences were observed in nucleus size as well. It was reported that normal mitosis division and sticky division in tapetum cells occurred at the same time.
During everyday operations with tractors, drivers are exposed to harmful effects of various factors. In addition to unfavourable temperature and humidity, dust and noise, one of the factors harmful to driver's health is vibrations. They come from the tractor engine and from the roughness of the ground and are transferred to the cab and through the seat to the body of the driver. In case of high level magnitude vibrations and a long period of exposure to them, many health problems occur. The harmful effect of the vibrations is especially obvious in older models of tractors. High intensities of vibrations (above permitted limits) were found during the measurements of vibrations at the driver seat in such tractors. This study is an attempt to reduce the vibration levels using various vibration-absorbing components, such as cushions, at driver's seat. The results of the measurements showed that the vibration levels were significantly lower in comparison to original seats.
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was postulated to influence outcome of several inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rs2228570 polymorphism on lipid profile and on outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with etanercept. A total of 153 subjects (62 JIA patients and 91 controls) were screened for the rs2228570 using the PCR-RFLP method. Lipid profile (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL-C, and LDL-C) was determined using standard biochemical analysis in controls, while in JIA patients, it was determined prior to and 12 months after anti-TNF (etanercept) therapy. Clinical outcome was assessed using the JIA-American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria. There were significant differences in the distribution of genotypes (p = 0.024) and alleles (p = 0.006; OR = 2.222, 95% CI 1.136-4.348) of the rs2228570 between patients and controls. Etanercept treatment significantly increased HDL-C levels (p = 0.006) in JIA patients with FF genotype in comparison to baseline values. No significant differences were seen in JIA-ACR 30/50/70 responses at month 12 between FF and Ff/ff genotype carriers. This is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of the VDR FokI FF genotype on lipid profile in JIA patients treated with etanercept. However, this has to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients.
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