Појава светлосне сигнализације почетком XX века представља велики напредак у области регулисања саобраћаја. О њеном значају говори и велики број патената који се односио на светлосну сигнализацију и семафорске уређаје кроз историју. Данас, након нешто више од једног века, семафори су и даље значајни у регулисању саобраћаја и безбедности свих учесника у саобраћају. Почетни рад семафора је увелико превазиђен и данас постоје најновије генерације адаптивног управљања саобраћајним токовима. Међутим, иако су сама технологија израде и рад семафора непрепознатљиви, првобитни изглед семафора је остао веран почетној визији првих проналазача. У оквиру овог рада, биће дат кратак осврт на историјски развој светлосне сигнализације.
– Unreliable functioning of public passenger transpport (PPT) system has direct influence on different aspects of passenger’s journey. Often disturbances in vehicle headway influence users in such manner that they plan their journeys accordingly (leave earlier, choose different line, transfer to another line, changes in mode of travel). This paper will analyse the influence of PPT system’s reliability on decisions and behaviour of PPT system’s users. Keywords – Public passenger transport, reliability, user’s behaviour, vehicle headway
Bus passenger transport is very important for sustainable urban mobility, and due to the characteristics of the street network, it is usually realized in the conditions of mixed traffic flow. Disturbances and sudden changes of traffic flow parameters occurring in the street network in a mixed traffic flow affect the disruptions in schedule and travel time of all vehicles in the traffic flow, including public transport (PT) vehicles. In order to keep to the planned schedule in the peak hours of PT lines carried out in the conditions of mixed traffic flow, the operators introduce new vehicles or reduce the vehicles’ dwell time at terminuses, which is often impossible to do. The use of a larger number of public transport vehicles increases the fuel consumption, pollutants’ emission, and the operating costs. In this paper, a network optimization model was developed for defining the influence of the change of traffic flow parameters in a mixed traffic flow on travel time of PT vehicles. The model takes into consideration uncertain time unevenness of the change of traffic flow parameters, which enables determining the optimization of travel time and defining the necessary number of public transport vehicles for the purpose of keeping to the planned schedule. In order to develop the transport model, counting and analysis of the characteristics of traffic flow at 61 intersections on the city territory were carried out. The model was tested on bus line number 4 of PT in Novi Sad. The model showed that it is possible to achieve certain savings regarding the number of vehicles with the unchanged headway, that is, the unchanged level of service which is offered to the users. With the application of the model in real traffic conditions, significant savings, as well as operating and external costs’ reduction, can be achieved, which contributes to the sustainability of public bus transport in urban environments.
Preliminary notesIn situations when in the street network there are no separate areas for the movement of public transport vehicles, traffic conditions influence their operation and efficiency. This paper studies the influence of the volume-to-capacity ratio on the disturbance of public transport headway. The research has been conducted on a segment of the roadway network, in the area of Novi Sad, on two public transport routes. The research results show that the above two parameters are in a significant correlation, that is, in case of higher volume-to-capacity ratio, disturbances in public transport operation are much more noticeable. The results also show that public transport is more prone to disturbances when public transport headways are shorter. Keywords: headway; public transport; traffic flow; volume-to-capacity ratio Utjecaj uvjeta odvijanja prometa na poremećaj rada vozila javnog prijevozaPrethodno priopćenje U situacijama kada na uličnoj mreži ne postoje izdvojene površine za kretanje vozila javnog prijevoza, uvjeti odvijanja prometa utječu na njihov rad i efikasnost. U ovom radu je istraživan utjecaj odnosa zahtjeva za protokom i kapaciteta prometnica na poremećaj intervala slijeda vozila javnog prijevoza. Istraživanje je provedeno na dijelu ulične mreže, na području Novog Sada, za dvije linije javnog prijevoza. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da postoji značajna povezanost između ova dva parametra, kao i da su pri većem iskorištenju kapaciteta, poremećaji u radu vozila javnog prijevoza izraženiji, te da je osjetljivost na poremećaje veća za manje intervale slijeda vozila javnog prijevoza.
–The Smart city concept involves the use of smart technologies to improve the quality of life of all residents. Traffic, as an important functioning component of all human activities, has an important role in smart city planning. Within this paper will be introduce some of the smart technologies used in the parking system. Keywords – parking, smart technologies, sensors.
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