Posterior scleritis is rare in both the adult and pediatric age groups. Increased awareness and availability of advanced diagnostic facilities aid in early diagnosis and management. Visual recovery is possible with systemic steroids and immunosuppression. We report the case of a 12-year-old male child who presented with poor vision in his right eye and was found to have retinal striae and disc edema due to posterior scleritis.
COVID-19 pandemic has affected all age groups globally including pregnant women and their neonates. The aim of the study was to understand outcomes in neonates of mothers with COVID-19 during the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of 2524 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers was conducted during the first wave (n = 1782) and second wave (n = 742) of the COVID-19 pandemic at five study sites of the PregCovid registry in Maharashtra, India. A significant difference was noted in preterm birth, which was higher in the second wave (15.0%, 111/742) compared to the first wave (7.8%, 139/1782) (P < 0.001). The proportion of neonates requiring NICU admission was significantly higher in the second wave (19.0%, 141/742) as compared to that in the first wave (14.8%, 264/1782) (P < 0.05). On comparing regional differences, significantly higher neonatal complications were reported from Mumbai metropolitan region (P < 0.05). During the second wave of COVID-19, birth asphyxia and prematurity were 3.8-and 2.1fold higher respectively (P < 0.001). Neonatal resuscitation at birth was significantly higher in second wave (3.4%, 25/742 vs 1.8%, 32/1782) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates was comparable (4.2% vs 4.6%) with no significant difference between the two waves.Conclusion: Higher incidence of adverse outcomes in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers in the second wave of COVID-19 as compared to the first wave. Trial registration: PregCovid study is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2020/05/025423, Registered on 28/05/2020).
What is Known:• The second wave of COVID-19 was more lethal to pregnant women than the first wave. Newborns are at risk of developing complications.
What is New:• Birth asphyxia, prematurity, and neonatal resuscitation at birth were significantly higher in the second wave as compared to those in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Keywords Neonatal complications • NICU • SARS-CoV-2 • Second wave Abbreviations COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 NICU Neonatal intensive care unit SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 * Rakesh Waghmare
To evaluate the incidence of TORCH infections in women having history of pregnancy loss and women with high delivery risk factors (HDRF) in tertiary care hospital. Duration: A prospective study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2013 to December2013. METHODS: The study included 100 women with HDRF and 50 clinically normal women with previous normal pregnancy and full term deliveries. Serological evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by IgG and IgM ELISA method. RESULTS: The acronym TORCH (Toxoplasma, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus) was introduced to highlight a group of agents which cause congenital and perinatal infections. The prevalence of TORCH infections in tertiary care hospital was studied over a period of one year. Since majority of congenital infections result from maternal infections during pregnancy, it was essential to evaluate the incidence of maternal infection like TORCH in child bearing age group. The present study showed toxoplasmosis was with a high risk seropositivity rate of 41%, followed by 27% seropositivity for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) .Rubella infections still occur each year and it occurred in 18 % cases while Herpes simplex virus infection was comparatively low seen only in 14% cases among women of child-bearing age. But unfortunately the request for TORCH screening has been ignored and clinicians should be encouraged to send appropriate specimens for specific tests depending on the clinical features of the individual case so as to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.
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