Anatomia foliar como subsídio à taxonomia do gênero Camarea St.-Hil (Malpighiaceae). Camarea é endêmica no Brasil e faz parte da tribo Gaudichaudieae que apresentam características morfológicas, como suas flores cleistógamas e a redução de estruturas em flores casmógamas, no entanto os caracteres morfológicos existentes ainda não são suficientes para a resolução de problemas relacionados ao gênero. Com isso, objetivou-se a descrição da morfoanatomia de seis espécies de Camarea em busca de caracteres que possam auxiliar na delimitação das espécies. As espécies foram obtidas em herbários, cortadas à mão livre, coradas e comparadas entre si. Neste artigo, é possível observar caracteres úteis para distinguir espécies como: morfologia das glândulas foliares, contorno do pecíolo e da nervura principal, estratificação da epiderme e tipo de mesofilo. Os resultados obtidos auxiliaram na distinção das espécies analisadas e trouxeram novos dados para o clado, tais características poderão auxiliar em futuros estudos taxonômicos e filogenéticos do grupo, deixando claro a importância da anatomia como ferramenta para a taxonomia.
This study aimed to record the occurrence of the species Bronwenia megaptera (B. Gates) WR Anderson & CC Davis in an area of the territory of the State of Piauí, Brazil The species was collected in the city of Pedro II, in a tension area that gathers characteristics of Cerrado and Caatinga shrubland. The study provides a brief characterization of the botanical family and descriptions of the genus and species. The species had already been found in the states of Minas Gerais Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Ceará. In addition to depicting the geographic occurrence of the plant, a morphological and anatomical characterization of the species was made, with the assembly of a board with images of the most relevant aspects of the morphology and anatomy of the plant.
In molecular phylogeny of Malpighiaceae, the Ptilochaetoide clade is composed of Dinemagonum, Dinemandra, Lasiocarpus and Ptilochaeta, found in the sub-desert and desert regions of South and Central America. The taxonomic relationship between the genera of the group is little discussed and phylogenetic studies point out to the need for an evolutionary approach using morphoanatomical characters. Thus, based on the recurrent contribution of leaf anatomy to taxonomic studies in Malpighiaceae, we characterized the leaf anatomy of seven species of the Ptilochaetoide clade and listed relevant anatomical patterns for their circumscription. For this, we used standard anatomical techniques and the anatomical data were discussed phylogenetically. The anatomical data such as: petiole/midrib contour, petiole/midrib vascular system conformation, presence/absence of trichomes and mesophyll organization were useful for the elaboration of the identification key. Character states: Plane-convex midrib contour, isobilateral mesophyll and absence of trichomes were considered informative for the subclade composed by Dinemandra and Dinemagonum, while in the other genera, no relevant morphotypes were recognized. The absence of accessory bundles, presence of druses and sheath extension are common features in the clade and contribute to the group description. These findings reaffirm the effectiveness of leaf anatomy in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Malpighiaceae.
Bronwenia has about 11 species whose current delimitation is the result of a complicated taxonomic history marked by recent evolutionary hypotheses in Malpighiaceae. Therefore, there is a need for approaches that contribute to circumscribing the group and distinguishing the species. Thus, the aim of this work was to prove the effectiveness of leaf anatomy in this purpose and point out the characters that distinguish the species of Bronwenia. Plant anatomy techniques were used and the coded anatomical characters were plotted in a binary matrix and interpreted in a cluster analysis, using UPGMA. The relevant characters to distinguish the taxa were: petiole contour, petiole/midrib vascular system conformation, presence or absence malpighiaceous trichomes and laticifers. While the remaining characters occur widely in the group and can be used in future approaches to distinguish Bronwenia from other related genera, including Diplopterys and Banisteriopsis, which previously constituted a single genus. Therefore, leaf anatomy represents relevance in the taxonomy of Bronwenia and can direct evolutionary hypotheses for Malpighiaceae.
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